Nokea
In which of the ff circumstances should a nurse avoid using midline and mid clavicular sites for IV therapy? Choose all that apply.
- A. To administer solutions with a pH greater than 5 and less than 9
- B. To administer antineoplastic chemotherapy
- C. To administer slow, low-volume infusions
- D. To administer high-pressure bolus injections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To administer antineoplastic chemotherapy. This is because antineoplastic chemotherapy agents are highly irritating and toxic to the surrounding tissues. Using midline and mid clavicular sites for IV therapy in this case can increase the risk of extravasation, leading to tissue damage and potential complications.
Incorrect choices:
A: To administer solutions with a pH greater than 5 and less than 9 - pH of the solution does not directly affect the choice of site for IV therapy.
C: To administer slow, low-volume infusions - Midline and mid clavicular sites can be appropriate for slow, low-volume infusions.
D: To administer high-pressure bolus injections - While midline and mid clavicular sites may not be ideal for high-pressure bolus injections, the question specifically mentions IV therapy, not bolus injections.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is disease process characterized by a chronic progressive inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints and adjacent soft tissue?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Scoliosis
- C. Kyphosis
- D. Ankylosing spondylitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ankylosing spondylitis. This disease process is characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints and adjacent soft tissue. Ankylosing spondylitis specifically affects the spine and large joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (A) is characterized by joint inflammation and primarily affects small joints. Scoliosis (B) is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, not inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints. Kyphosis (C) is an excessive outward curvature of the spine, not related to inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints.
What is the causative agent in HIV/AIDS?
- A. trichomonas vaginalis
- B. Treponema pallidum
- C. Human, T-cell lymphotrophio virus
- D. Chlamydia tranchomatis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Human, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, as it is the causative agent for HIV/AIDS. This virus specifically targets and infects the body's T-cells, weakening the immune system. Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia trachomatis are all different pathogens that do not cause HIV/AIDS. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, and Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia. Therefore, the correct answer is C based on the specific viral agent responsible for HIV/AIDS.
Mrs. Zeno continues to become a weaker despite .treatment with neostigmine. Edrophonium HCL is ordered:
- A. For its synergestic effect
- B. Because of the client's resistance to
- C. To rule out cholinergic crisis Neostigmine
- D. To confirm the diagnosis of myasthenia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To rule out cholinergic crisis caused by Neostigmine. Edrophonium HCL is a fast-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used to differentiate between myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis. If the patient's weakness improves after administration of edrophonium, it indicates that the weakness was due to myasthenia gravis and not cholinergic crisis caused by excessive neostigmine. Choice A is incorrect because there is no synergestic effect between neostigmine and edrophonium. Choice B is incorrect as resistance to neostigmine is not a valid reason for ordering edrophonium. Choice D is incorrect because edrophonium is used for differential diagnosis, not for confirming the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
In teaching a female client who is HIV positive about pregnancy, the nurse would know more teaching is necessary when the client says:
- A. “The baby can get the virus from my placenta.”
- B. “I’m planning on starting on birth control pills.”
- C. “Not everyone who has the virus gives birth to a baby who has the virus.”
- D. “I’ll need to have a C-section if I become pregnant and have a baby.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because starting birth control pills does not protect against HIV transmission to the baby during pregnancy. The other choices demonstrate understanding of HIV transmission risks and prevention methods. A shows awareness of vertical transmission, C recognizes that not all babies born to HIV-positive mothers are infected, and D acknowledges the potential need for a C-section to reduce transmission risk. Starting birth control pills is unrelated to preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission during pregnancy.
Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology, causing:
- A. Cerebral edema
- B. Raised intracranial pressure
- C. Increased permeability of the blood-barrier
- D. All of the above changes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology by causing cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebral edema is the accumulation of fluid in the brain tissue, leading to increased pressure. Raised intracranial pressure occurs due to the inflammation and swelling caused by the infection. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier allows substances to pass through that would normally be blocked, contributing to the inflammatory response. Therefore, all of these changes are interconnected and commonly observed in bacterial meningitis cases. Choices A, B, and C individually describe specific alterations seen in bacterial meningitis but do not encompass the full spectrum of changes that occur, making them incorrect options.