Nokea
In which of the following situations is the inclusion of a citation necessary?
- A. The author is stating an opinion about a new biography of Abraham Lincoln.
- B. The author is describing a trip to Abraham Lincoln's birthplace.
- C. The author is quoting another author's opinion about a new biography of Abraham Lincoln.
- D. The author is describing a play she saw about Abraham Lincoln.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A citation is required when directly quoting another author's opinion to give credit and avoid plagiarism. Choices A, B, and D do not necessitate citations as they involve the author's own opinion, personal experience, and description of a play, respectively, without directly quoting another source.
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Which of these examples is a compound sentence?
- A. Alex and Shane spent the morning coloring and later took a walk down to the park.
- B. After coloring all morning, Alex and Shane spent the afternoon at the park.
- C. Alex and Shane spent the morning coloring, and then they took a walk down to the park.
- D. After coloring all morning and spending part of the day at the park, Alex and Shane took a nap.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C is a compound sentence because it consists of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction ('and then'). The first independent clause is 'Alex and Shane spent the morning coloring,' and the second independent clause is 'they took a walk down to the park.' Choices A, B, and D are not compound sentences. In choice A, although there are two actions mentioned, they are not independent clauses; they are part of a single sentence. Choice B is a complex sentence with a dependent clause ('After coloring all morning') and an independent clause. Choice D is a complex sentence with a compound predicate ('After coloring all morning and spending part of the day at the park') followed by an independent clause.
Which of the following uses commas in a series correctly?
- A. Jericka went to the store for milk, bread, and eggs.
- B. For breakfast, Jason wanted to make French toast, bacon, and eggs.
- C. Aj had a lot to do the next day, including homework, hockey practice, and chores.
- D. Paz's mom, dad, and sister would come to watch his game.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A is the correct answer as it uses commas to separate items in a series ('milk, bread, and eggs'). In option B, the comma after 'bacon' is unnecessary. Option C correctly uses commas to separate the items in the series ('homework, hockey practice, and chores'). Option D incorrectly omits commas between 'mom' and 'dad,' and 'dad' and 'sister,' making it incorrect for a series of three or more items.
The lake was clear and shimmering, and it was such a friendly day; therefore, he dove right in. Which of the following describes the grammar problem in the sentence above?
- A. Ambiguous word choice
- B. Inappropriate transition word choice
- C. Tense disagreement
- D. Incomplete sentence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ambiguous word choice. In this sentence, the word 'friendly' is ambiguous and does not clearly convey the intended meaning. The context of the sentence suggests that 'friendly' is used inappropriately to describe a day, making the sentence unclear. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the issue in the sentence does not relate to transition words, tense disagreement, or an incomplete sentence.
What is the meaning of the prefix 'pre-'?
- A. After
- B. Before
- C. During
- D. Against
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Before.' The prefix 'pre-' means 'before,' indicating something that comes before the main action or event. For example, in words like 'preview' or 'predict,' the prefix 'pre-' implies anticipation or happening before the complete action. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. 'After' (Choice A) is the opposite of 'before,' 'During' (Choice C) implies something happening at the same time, not before, and 'Against' (Choice D) indicates opposition, which is unrelated to the prefix 'pre-.' Therefore, the answer is 'Before.'
She is a gifted pianist, although she's struggling with the piece for her upcoming concert.
- A. Inappropriate transition word choice
- B. Poor diction
- C. Tense disagreement
- D. Incomplete sentence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because there is a tense disagreement in the sentence. The use of 'was' (past tense) and 'she's' (contraction of 'she is' present tense) creates an inconsistency in the verb tense. The sentence should maintain consistency either in past tense ('She was a gifted pianist, although she struggled with the piece for her upcoming concert') or present tense ('She is a gifted pianist, although she's struggling with the piece for her upcoming concert'). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the issue in the sentence is related to verb tense disagreement, not transition words, diction, or sentence completeness.