Nokea
In which of the following types of spontaneous abortions would the nurse assess dark brown vaginal discharge and a negative pregnancy test?
- A. Threatened
- B. Imminent
- C. Missed
- D. Incomplete
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dark brown vaginal discharge and a negative pregnancy test are characteristic of a missed abortion. In a missed abortion, the fetus has died, but the products of conception are retained in the uterus. This can lead to symptoms like dark brown vaginal discharge as the body tries to expel the nonviable pregnancy. A threatened abortion is characterized by vaginal bleeding without dilation of the cervix, and the pregnancy remains viable. Imminent abortion involves cervical dilation and effacement with no passage of tissue. In an incomplete abortion, only part of the products of conception are expelled, leading to persistent bleeding and cramping.
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Which of the following is not a role of Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programs?
- A. Awareness about reproductive health
- B. Providing facilities to build a reproductively healthy society
- C. Providing support to reproductively sick people
- D. Promoting abortion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Promoting abortion is not a role of the Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programs. RCH programs focus on promoting awareness about reproductive health, providing facilities to build a reproductively healthy society, and offering support to reproductively sick individuals. The promotion of abortion is not within the scope of RCH programs, which aim to improve maternal and child health outcomes through education, healthcare services, and support systems.
What is one of the roles of the oxytocin hormone?
- A. Stimulates milk ejection.
- B. Stimulates the production of milk.
- C. Stimulates the development of lactoferrin.
- D. Stimulates the secretion of relaxin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Stimulates milk ejection.' Oxytocin is responsible for contracting the muscles around the milk ducts, pushing milk into the nipples for breastfeeding. This process is known as milk ejection or let-down. The other choices are incorrect because oxytocin's primary function is to facilitate milk ejection rather than directly stimulating the production of milk, the development of lactoferrin, or the secretion of relaxin.
The following are delays associated with maternal mortality EXCEPT:
- A. Delay in recognizing danger signs
- B. Delay in arrival at a health facility
- C. Delay in initiating treatment
- D. Excessive blood loss
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Excessive blood loss is not a delay associated with maternal mortality but rather a direct complication. Delays in recognizing danger signs, arriving at a health facility, and initiating treatment are factors that can contribute to maternal mortality by impeding timely access to necessary care.
Laparoscopy uses a small instrument known as a laparoscope to:
- A. Take very detailed photographs
- B. Insert a hysteroscope for D&C
- C. Perform an abortion procedure
- D. Perform a hysterectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laparoscopy uses a small instrument known as a laparoscope to take very detailed photographs of the pelvic organs. This procedure is commonly used for diagnostic purposes, to visualize internal organs, and to perform minimally invasive surgeries. Choice B, inserting a hysteroscope for D&C, is incorrect as hysteroscopy is a different procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus, not the pelvic organs. Choice C, performing an abortion procedure, is incorrect as laparoscopy is not used for abortion. Choice D, performing a hysterectomy, is incorrect as although laparoscopy can be used in some cases for hysterectomy, its primary purpose is not for this procedure.
When does a broad ligament haematoma occur?
- A. Rupture occurs in the mesenteric border of the tube.
- B. Rupture occurs in the ovarian ligament.
- C. Rupture occurs in the broad ligament.
- D. Rupture occurs in the uterine wall.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A broad ligament hematoma occurs when there is a rupture in the mesenteric border of the tube. This typically happens due to trauma or other underlying conditions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a broad ligament hematoma specifically involves a rupture in the mesenteric border of the tube, not the ovarian ligament, broad ligament, or uterine wall.