Nokea
Inappropriate, life-threatening or challenging behaviours may be inadvertently maintained by reinforcement from others in the environment. Which of the following is a process that can be carried out in order to help identify the factors maintaining the behaviour?
- A. Functional analysis
- B. Statistical analysis
- C. Behavioural analysis
- D. Procedural analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Functional Analysis: Using operant conditioning principles to identify rewarding or reinforcing factors maintaining behavior.
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Which of the following should the nurse use as a basis for explaining the etiology of Alzheimer's disease to the family of a client with this disease?
- A. It is a secondary dementia indicated by loss of recent memory and disorientation to time and place.
- B. It is a primary dementia that is incurable, irreversible, and fatal. It is caused by the presence of a beta-amyloid protein in the neurons resulting in senile plaques.
- C. It is a secondary dementia that is treatable with analysis of the diet and removal of toxic substances from the diet and environment.
- D. It is a primary dementia characterized by stepwise decreases in cognitive abilities. It is irreversible but treatable with antihypertensive medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because Alzheimer's disease is a primary dementia that is characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid protein in neurons leading to the formation of senile plaques. This explanation is accurate as it describes the key pathological process underlying Alzheimer's disease.
Choice A is incorrect because Alzheimer's disease is a primary dementia, not a secondary dementia. Choice C is incorrect because the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is not related to diet or toxic substances, so it is not treatable in that way. Choice D is incorrect because while Alzheimer's disease is irreversible, it is not treatable with antihypertensive medications as these medications are not effective in managing the disease process of Alzheimer's.
Which of the following is not a common characteristic of oppositional behaviour?
- A. Saying no to requests
- B. Accepting responsibility for mistakes
- C. Unwilling to accept changes to routines or environments
- D. Refusing to follow instructions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accepting responsibility for mistakes is not typical of oppositional behavior, which often involves defiance and blame-shifting.
Which nursing diagnosis is more relevant for a patient with anorexia nervosa who restricts intake and is 20% below normal weight than for a 130-pound patient with bulimia nervosa who purges?
- A. Powerlessness
- B. Ineffective coping
- C. Disturbed body image
- D. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements. For a patient with anorexia nervosa who restricts intake and is 20% below normal weight, this diagnosis is more relevant as it directly addresses the issue of inadequate food intake leading to weight loss. Powerlessness (A) may not be as directly related to the physical consequences of anorexia. Ineffective coping (B) and Disturbed body image (C) are more commonly associated with bulimia nervosa and do not address the primary concern of malnutrition in this case.
You are caring for a 13-year-old boy with a diagnosis of conduct disorder. Which of the following would you be most likely to expect given this diagnosis?
- A. Severe separation anxiety from parents
- B. Making up stories to make him appear more important
- C. History of cruelty to schoolmates and pets
- D. Insomnia and anorexia nervosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conduct disorder is associated with long-term problems with defiance, rule-breaking, and violating the basic rights of others, such as cruelty to peers and animals.
The client interprets the proverb 'A rolling stone gathers no moss' as 'As long as the rock keeps moving, it won't turn green.' This is an example of:
- A. Mutism
- B. Flight of ideas
- C. Concrete thinking
- D. Loose association
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Concrete thinking refers to interpreting things in a literal or factual way without grasping the underlying meaning. In this question, the client's interpretation of the proverb demonstrates a lack of understanding of the metaphorical meaning behind it. By focusing on the literal aspect of the stone not turning green, the client displays concrete thinking. Mutism, flight of ideas, and loose association are unrelated to the client's interpretation of the proverb, making them incorrect choices.