Nokea
Increased fetal haemoglobin is seen in:
- A. Haemoglobin H disease
- B. β-thalassaemia major
- C. Fanconi's anaemia
- D. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased fetal haemoglobin (HbF) is a compensatory mechanism in β-thalassaemia major to counteract the reduced production of adult haemoglobin (HbA).
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The most common cause for testicular pain in boys in 2-10 years of age is
- A. Testicular torsion
- B. Torsion of appendix testis
- C. Epididymitis
- D. Congenital varicocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Torsion of the appendix testis is the most common cause of testicular pain in boys aged 2-10 years, as it involves the twisting of a small vestigial remnant.
Examples of encapsulated organisms are all except:
- A. Pseudomonas
- B. Proteus
- C. Pneumococci
- D. Salmonella
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Pseudomonas is not an encapsulated organism. The other options (b-e) are encapsulated.
A health care provider has prescribed oxygen as needed for an infant with heart failure. In which situation should the nurse administer the oxygen?
- A. During sleep
- B. When changing the infant’s diapers
- C. When the mother is holding the infant
- D. When drawing blood for electrolyte level testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen during sleep can help ensure the infant maintains adequate oxygenation, especially since infants with heart failure may have compromised respiratory function.
Mitral valve prolapse
- A. Occurs in congenital myxomatous valves
- B. Need a Sx
- C. Rare cause of MR
- D. Need prophylactic antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse often occurs in congenital myxomatous valves.
Regarding cough receptors:
- A. There is increased sensitivity in viral infections
- B. ~2-agonists decrease the sensitivity of cough receptors
- C. Exercise can stimulate the cough receptors in asthmatics
- D. They are predominantly seen in the large airways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cough receptor sensitivity increases during viral infections, leading to heightened cough reflex.