Nokea
Increased left ventricular end diastolic volume is seen in:
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Congestive cardiomyopathy
- C. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral regurgitation leads to increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume due to backflow of blood into the left atrium.
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Which intervention should the nurse plan to decrease cardiac demands in an infant with congestive heart disease (CHD)?
- A. Organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep.
- B. Allow the infant to sleep through feedings during the night.
- C. Wait for the infant to cry to show definite signs of hunger.
- D. Discourage parents from rocking the infant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The infant requires rest and conservation of energy for feeding. Every effort is made to organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted periods of sleep. Whenever possible, parents are encouraged to stay with their infant to provide the holding, rocking, and cuddling that help children sleep more soundly. To minimize disturbing the infant, changing bed linens and complete bathing are done only when necessary. Feeding is planned to accommodate the infant’s sleep and wake patterns. The child is fed at the first sign of hunger, such as when sucking on fists, rather than waiting until he or she cries for a bottle because the stress of crying exhausts the limited energy supply. Because infants with CHD tire easily and may sleep through feedings, smaller feedings every 3 hours may be helpful.
Nurse Alice is providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a child, age 4. the nurse should:
- A. Compress the sternum with both hands at a depth of 1½ to 2†(4 to 5 cm)
- B. Deliver 12 breaths/minute
- C. Perform only two-person CPR
- D. Use the heel of one hand for sternal compressions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a 4-year-old, the heel of one hand is appropriate for sternal compressions to achieve the correct depth and avoid injury.
A female client who was involved in a motor vehicle collision is admitted with a fractured left femur which is immobilized using a fracture traction splint in preparation for an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The nurse determines that her distal pulses are diminished in the left foot. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Offer ice chips and oral clear liquids
- B. Verify pedal pulses using a doppler pulse device
- C. Monitor left leg for pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pressure
- D. Evaluate the application of the splint to the left leg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These interventions assess and address potential vascular compromise, which is critical in a client with a fractured femur.
Galactosaemia:
- A. Exhibits autosomal recessive inheritance
- B. Is associated with cataracts
- C. Results in a low glucose level
- D. Is due to an inability to convert galactose into glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Galactosaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is associated with cataracts and results from the inability to convert galactose into glucose.
In 90% of cases of endocarditis, the causative agent is recovered from the first 2 blood cultures. Antimicrobial pretreatment of the patient reduces the yield of blood cultures to
- A. 10%
- B. 20%
- C. 30%
- D. 40%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antimicrobial pretreatment can significantly reduce the yield of blood cultures, often to 10-20%.