Nokea
Increased left ventricular end diastolic volume is seen in:
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Congestive cardiomyopathy
- C. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral regurgitation leads to increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume due to backflow of blood into the left atrium.
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Polycythaemia:
- A. Is a common cause of jaundice in the newborn
- B. Is significant if haematocrit > 65% on a capillary sample
- C. May cause apnoeas
- D. Exchange transfusion is the treatment of choice in symptomatic cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polycythaemia is considered significant if the haematocrit exceeds 65% on a capillary sample, as it can lead to hyperviscosity and related complications.
Which among the following is an anatomical scoring system?
- A. STS Score.
- B. Euroscore II
- C. SYNTAX Score
- D. GRACE Score
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SYNTAX Score is an anatomical scoring system used to assess coronary artery disease.
The initial treatment of choice for a symptomatic patient with isolated pulmonic stenosis is
- A. closed surgical blade valvotomy
- B. open surgical valvotomy
- C. balloon catheter valvuloplasty
- D. Blalock-Taussig shunt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Balloon catheter valvuloplasty is less invasive and effective for relieving pulmonic stenosis.
Common reasons for doing a BMT in children are:
- A. SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)
- B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- C. CML
- D. Gaucher's disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because SCID is a primary indication for bone marrow transplant (BMT) in children. The other options (b-e) are also indications but less common.
Which intervention should the nurse plan to decrease cardiac demands in an infant with congestive heart disease (CHD)?
- A. Organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep.
- B. Allow the infant to sleep through feedings during the night.
- C. Wait for the infant to cry to show definite signs of hunger.
- D. Discourage parents from rocking the infant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The infant requires rest and conservation of energy for feeding. Every effort is made to organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted periods of sleep. Whenever possible, parents are encouraged to stay with their infant to provide the holding, rocking, and cuddling that help children sleep more soundly. To minimize disturbing the infant, changing bed linens and complete bathing are done only when necessary. Feeding is planned to accommodate the infant’s sleep and wake patterns. The child is fed at the first sign of hunger, such as when sucking on fists, rather than waiting until he or she cries for a bottle because the stress of crying exhausts the limited energy supply. Because infants with CHD tire easily and may sleep through feedings, smaller feedings every 3 hours may be helpful.