Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System Slideshare

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Indicate a beta1-selective receptor antagonist which has very long duration of action:

  • A. Betaxolol
  • B. Sotalol
  • C. Nadolol
  • D. Metoprolol
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Betaxolol is the correct answer as it is a beta1-selective antagonist with a long duration of action due to its lipophilic properties. It has minimal beta2 or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, leading to prolonged effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Sotalol (B) is a non-selective beta-blocker with class III antiarrhythmic properties. Nadolol (C) is a non-selective beta-blocker with a long duration, but not beta1-selective. Metoprolol (D) is a beta1-selective antagonist but has a shorter duration compared to betaxolol.

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Tick the drug, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in some species of helminthes:

  • A. Niclosamide
  • B. Piperazine
  • C. Praziquantel
  • D. Mebendazole
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Niclosamide inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by blocking the electron transport chain in helminthes. It disrupts their energy production, leading to paralysis and death. Piperazine acts on GABA receptors, Praziquantel disrupts the parasite's tegument, and Mebendazole inhibits microtubule function. Therefore, Niclosamide is the correct choice for inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in helminthes.

Thiazide diuretics can produce the following side effects EXCEPT:

  • A. Hypokalemia
  • B. Hypocalcemia
  • C. Hyperglycemia
  • D. Hyperuricemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thiazides cause hypokalemia (A), hyperglycemia (C), and hyperuricemia (D); they increase calcium reabsorption, not causing hypocalcemia (B).

A 72-year-old man with long-standing heart failure managed with digoxin and a ß-blocker suddenly collapses in a shopping mall. Attempts to revive him are unsuccessful. Autopsy is performed. Which of the following changes in his heart would be expected to be noted?

  • A. Dilated cardiac chambers
  • B. Heart appears small
  • C. Heart appears smooth
  • D. Increased ability to eject blood
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chronic heart failure leads to dilated cardiomyopathy with enlarged chambers due to volume overload and remodeling.

Tranexamic acid is an analog of aminocapronic acid. It’s:

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. All
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tranexamic acid is structurally similar to aminocaproic acid, making it an analog. This similarity allows tranexamic acid to competitively inhibit the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, effectively reducing fibrinolysis. Therefore, the statement is TRUE. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because tranexamic acid is indeed an analog of aminocaproic acid, making them mutually exclusive options.

Which of the following agents is related to tricyclic antidepressants?

  • A. Nefazodon
  • B. Amitriptyline
  • C. Fluoxetine
  • D. Isocarboxazid
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amitriptyline. Tricyclic antidepressants, like Amitriptyline, have a tricyclic chemical structure. They work by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain. Nefazodone (A) is a serotonin modulator, Fluoxetine (C) is an SSRI, and Isocarboxazid (D) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, not related to tricyclic antidepressants.