Nokea
Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
- A. patients who cannot thrive
- B. patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled between 6 and 24 months
- C. patients with pulmonary vascular disease
- D. patients older than 2 years with a large VSD associated with a Qs ratio greater than 2:1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical closure is not routinely indicated for all VSDs, especially if asymptomatic.
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A client with carcinoma of the lung is complaining of weakness and has a serum sodium level of 117 mEq/L. Which nursing problem should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
- A. Altered urinary elimination
- B. Impaired gas exchange
- C. Fluid volume excess
- D. Decreased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia (low sodium level) is often associated with fluid volume excess in clients with lung carcinoma.
Coxsackie viruses are implicated in:
- A. Herpangina
- B. Dermatitis herpetiformis
- C. Meningitis
- D. Orchitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxsackie viruses are a common cause of herpangina. They can also cause meningitis and orchitis, but dermatitis herpetiformis is not associated with Coxsackie viruses.
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children:
- A. Needs to be treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics
- B. Humidified oxygen by tent needs to be administered in infancy
- C. Dexamethasone is known to shorten the duration of illness
- D. Adrenaline by nebuliser is absolutely contraindicated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is known to reduce inflammation and shorten the duration of illness in acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup).
An 18-month-old with a myelomeningocele is undergoing a cardiac catheterization. The mother expresses concern about the use of dye in the procedure. The child does not have any allergies. In addition to an iodine allergy, which other allergy should the nurse bring to the attention of the catheterization staff?
- A. Soy
- B. Latex
- C. Penicillin
- D. Dairy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) are often allergic to latex; catheter balloons and other materials may contain latex.
The Duke criterion for the diagnosis of endocarditis is a major
- A. new regurgitant flow by echocardiography
- B. Osler nodes
- C. single positive blood culture
- D. serologic evidence of infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A single positive blood culture is one of the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.