Nokea
Inductive Reasoning process is applied in:
- A. Qualitative research
- B. Action research
- C. Quantitative research
- D. Applied research
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions from specific observations or examples. It is often used in qualitative research to develop theories or explanations based on the data collected. Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena in their natural settings and uses inductive reasoning to interpret and make sense of the data. This approach allows researchers to explore complex issues and uncover new insights by analyzing the details and patterns within the data.
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A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with jaundice, ascites, and spider angiomas. Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Hepatic encephalopathy
- B. Hepatorenal syndrome
- C. Cirrhosis
- D. Acute liver failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's presentation of jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia are all indicative of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a late stage of liver disease characterized by liver scarring and poor liver function. Jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels, is a common manifestation of liver dysfunction seen in cirrhosis. Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, is also a common complication of cirrhosis. Spider angiomas, which are small blood vessels near the skin's surface, are a result of altered blood flow in the liver due to cirrhosis. Prolonged prothrombin time and hypoalbuminemia are consequences of reduced liver synthesis function in cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome
A postpartum client presents with persistent, severe headache, visual disturbances, and epigastric pain. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Encouraging the client to rest in a dark, quiet room
- B. Providing acetaminophen for headache relief
- C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
- D. Offering a massage to relieve muscle tension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presentation of persistent, severe headache, visual disturbances, and epigastric pain in a postpartum client could indicate the development of postpartum preeclampsia or eclampsia, which are serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. Prompt notification of the healthcare provider is essential to ensure timely assessment, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent potential complications for both the mother and baby. Encouraging rest, providing acetaminophen, or offering a massage are not appropriate interventions for addressing these symptoms, as they do not address the underlying cause and urgency of the situation.
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most likely causative agent in this scenario is Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria. The patient's symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia align with the typical presentation of malaria. Additionally, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination is characteristic of Plasmodium species, particularly P. falciparum, which causes the most severe form of malaria.
Ms. C(an adolescent admitted for diagnostic evaluation and nutritional support related to anorexia nervosa)'s self-esteem and weight have gradually improved, but she continues to refer to herself as "fatty." She is able to appropriately verbalize an appropriate diet and exercise plan. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
- A. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requires
- B. Risk for situational low self-esteem
- C. Disturbed body image
- D. Ineffective health maintenance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Even though Ms. C's self-esteem and weight have improved, her continued negative self-talk and use of derogatory terms like "fatty" indicate a distorted perception of her body image. This distortion needs to be addressed and corrected for her overall long-term psychological well-being. By focusing on addressing the disturbed body image, the nursing team can help Ms. C develop a more positive self-perception and maintain the progress she has made towards recovery from anorexia nervosa. It is important to prioritize interventions that promote a healthier and more realistic body image in order to support her ongoing recovery journey.
Which nursing intervention constitutes false imprisonment?
- A. A client is hospitalized as an involuntary admission and attempts to leave the unit. The nurse calls the security team per hospital protocol. They prevent the client from leaving.
- B. A psychotic client is admitted as an involuntary client and runs out of the psychiatric unit. The nurse runs after the client and succeeds in talking the client into returning to the unit.
- C. The client has been "pesky," seeking the attention of nurses in the nurses' station much of the day.
- D. The client is confused, combative, and insists that no one can stop him from leaving. The nurse restrains the client without a physician's order, then seeks the order.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: False imprisonment occurs when a client is physically restrained or confined without legal justification. In this scenario, the nurse restraining the confused and combative client without a physician's order constitutes false imprisonment. Restraints should only be used when necessary to ensure the safety of the client or others, and a physician's order is required to authorize their use. In this case, the nurse acted without proper authorization, making it a violation of the client's rights and false imprisonment. It is essential to follow proper protocols and obtain necessary orders before restraining a client.