Nokea
Injury to radial nerve involves:
- A. Abductor pollicis brevis is affected
- B. Abduction at the shoulder joint is impaired
- C. Sensory loss on the medial aspect of forearm is seen
- D. First dorsal interosseus is affected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abduction at the shoulder joint is impaired
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Abnormal coloration of the urine (in the absence of haematuria) may be due to:
- A. Consumption of beetroot
- B. Treatment with co-danthramer
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Acute intermittent porphyria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beetroot can cause red urine. Co-danthramer, phenylketonuria, and porphyria can also cause abnormal urine color, but beetroot is a common cause.
List FOUR differential diagnoses aside from aortic coarctation for a two-week old infant presenting with tachypnea and poor femoral pulses.
- A. Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
- B. Critical aortic stenosis
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Differential diagnoses in such cases can include non-structural heart conditions like tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy, which affects the heart's ability to pump effectively.
A child has been diagnosed with valvular disease following rheumatic fever (RF). During patient teaching, the nurse discusses the child's long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics for dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. The parents indicate they understand when they say:
- A. She will need to take the antibiotics until she is 18 years old.
- B. She will need to take the antibiotics for 5 years after the last attack.
- C. She will need to take the antibiotics for 10 years after the last attack.
- D. She will need to take the antibiotics for the rest of her life.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valvular involvement indicates significant damage; therefore, lifelong prophylactic antibiotics are required.
Recurrent headaches in childhood are seen with:
- A. Tension headaches
- B. Migraine
- C. Sinusitis
- D. Hypermetropia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because migraine is a common cause of recurrent headaches in children. The other options (a, c, d, e) are less common or present differently.
The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?
- A. “You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant’s formula.â€
- B. “You should feed your baby every 2 hours.â€
- C. “You may need to increase the amount of formula your infant eats with each feeding.â€
- D. “You should place a nasal oxygen cannula on your infant during and after each feeding.â€
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The metabolic rate of infants with heart failure is greater because of poor cardiac function and increased heart and respiratory rates. Their caloric needs are greater than those of the average infants, yet their ability to take in the calories is diminished by their fatigue. Infants with heart failure should be fed every 3 hours; a 2-hour schedule does not allow for enough rest, and a 4-hour schedule is too long. Fluids must be carefully monitored because of the heart failure. Infants do not require supplemental oxygen with feedings.