Nokea
Insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-I):
- A. Increases during pubertal growth spurt
- B. Is a single polypeptide chain
- C. Is produced in pancreas
- D. Is secreted in a pulsatile manner
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IGF-I levels rise significantly during the pubertal growth spurt, contributing to rapid growth and development.
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A nurse cares for a client who has an 80% blockage of the right coronary artery (RCA) and is scheduled for bypass surgery. Which intervention should the nurse be prepared to implement while this client waits for surgery?
- A. Administration of IV furosemide (Lasix)
- B. Initiation of an external pacemaker
- C. Assistance with endotracheal intubation
- D. Placement of central venous access
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An 80% blockage of the RCA can lead to bradycardia or heart block. An external pacemaker may be needed to maintain adequate heart rate and cardiac output.
Biochemical abnormalities in a chronic carrier of hepatitis B are:
- A. Raised AST
- B. Low serum albumin
- C. Raised gamma GT
- D. Raised transferrin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because chronic hepatitis B carriers often have raised AST (aspartate aminotransferase) due to liver inflammation. The other options are less specific or not typically associated with chronic hepatitis B.
In normal neonates:
- A. Extracellular fluid volume exceeds intracellular fluid volume
- B. In a term baby, plasma calcium levels exceed that of the mother
- C. Clamping the umbilical cord after cessation of cord pulsations increases the blood volume by 20% in the baby
- D. There are two arteries and one vein in the umbilical cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In neonates, extracellular fluid volume is greater than intracellular fluid volume, reflecting the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life.
The enzyme producing carbon monoxide within the human body is
- A. Aminolevulinic acid synthase
- B. Heme oxygenase
- C. Cyclo-oxygense
- D. Nitric oxide synthase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heme oxygenase is responsible for the production of carbon monoxide during the breakdown of heme.
In the most common type of CAR:
- A. There is deficient 11-hydroxylase
- B. Hypertension is a feature
- C. There is an associated gene defect
- D. Transmission is autosomal dominant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension is a feature of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by deficiencies in enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, including 11-hydroxylase.