Nokea
Interacting with the patient and their family to obtain subjective information is part of which of the following steps in determining and fulfilling the nursing care needs of the patient?
- A. Evaluation
- B. Planning
- C. Implementation
- D. Assessment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Assessment. In the nursing process, assessment is the first step where nurses gather subjective and objective data to understand the patient's needs. Interacting with the patient and their family to obtain subjective information is crucial in this phase. Choice A, Evaluation, comes later in the process and involves judging the effectiveness of the care provided. Choice B, Planning, is where the nurse develops a plan of care based on the assessment findings. Choice C, Implementation, is the phase where the nursing care plan is put into action.
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A patient with Crohn's disease is experiencing diarrhea. Which dietary recommendation is appropriate?
- A. High-fiber diet
- B. Low-residue diet
- C. High-fat diet
- D. High-protein diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A low-residue diet is the appropriate dietary recommendation for a patient with Crohn's disease experiencing diarrhea. This diet helps reduce bowel movements and manage diarrhea by limiting the intake of foods that are harder to digest. High-fiber diets (Choice A) may worsen diarrhea due to increased bulk in the stool. High-fat diets (Choice C) can be harder to digest and may exacerbate symptoms. High-protein diets (Choice D) are not specifically recommended for managing diarrhea in Crohn's disease.
What is the best way to manage a patient's intake of dietary fiber?
- A. Increase intake gradually
- B. Increase intake suddenly
- C. Decrease intake abruptly
- D. Maintain a high intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct way to manage a patient's intake of dietary fiber is to increase it gradually. This approach helps prevent gastrointestinal discomfort that can occur when fiber intake is suddenly increased. Choice B is incorrect because sudden increases in fiber intake can lead to bloating, gas, and other digestive issues. Choice C is incorrect as decreasing fiber intake abruptly can disrupt bowel regularity and cause constipation. Choice D is incorrect because maintaining a high intake of fiber without considering the patient's current levels can also cause digestive problems.
In patients receiving chemotherapy, which nutrient is often supplemented to manage mucositis?
- A. Vitamin E
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Zinc
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Zinc supplementation is often recommended to manage mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Zinc plays a crucial role in wound healing and immune function, which can help alleviate the symptoms of mucositis. Vitamin E (Choice A) is known for its antioxidant properties but is not typically used to manage mucositis. Vitamin B12 (Choice B) is important for red blood cell production and nerve function but is not directly associated with mucositis management. Calcium (Choice D) is essential for bone health and muscle function but is not a primary nutrient supplemented to manage mucositis.
The use of the antibiotic neomycin may decrease the absorption of:
- A. Iron, copper, and zinc
- B. Protein and amino acids
- C. Fat-soluble vitamins
- D. Water-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Neomycin can interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K. Choice A is incorrect because neomycin does not affect the absorption of iron, copper, and zinc. Choice B is incorrect as neomycin does not impact the absorption of protein and amino acids. Choice D is also incorrect as neomycin does not decrease the absorption of water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and the B vitamins.
In patients with heart failure, which type of diet is most recommended?
- A. High-sodium
- B. Low-sodium
- C. High-fat
- D. Low-carbohydrate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In patients with heart failure, a low-sodium diet is most recommended. This type of diet helps manage fluid retention by reducing the amount of sodium in the body. Excess sodium can lead to fluid accumulation, putting additional strain on the heart. High-sodium diets can exacerbate symptoms of heart failure by causing fluid retention and increasing blood pressure. High-fat and low-carbohydrate diets are not specifically recommended for heart failure patients and may not address the underlying issues related to fluid balance and heart function.