Nokea
Into which tubes do the nephrons drain?
- A. Proximal convoluted tubule
- B. Collecting duct
- C. Distal convoluted
- D. Ureter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrons drain into collecting ducts, which lead to the ureter.
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Which type of digestion breaks down pieces of food into small molecules?
- A. chemical digestion
- B. peristalsis digestion
- C. mechanical digestion
- D. absorption digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break food into small molecules.
Which structure is the uppermost part of the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Liver
- C. Cecum
- D. Sigmoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The alimentary canal begins at the mouth, followed by the esophagus, making the esophagus the uppermost structure listed.
Starch is digested to maltose by the enzyme amylase. According to the 'lock and key' hypothesis, which is the 'key' and which is the 'lock'?
- A. key: amylase, lock: starch
- B. key: starch, lock: amylase
- C. key: maltose, lock: amylase
- D. key: amylase, lock: maltose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the lock and key model, the enzyme (amylase) is the key that specifically binds to the substrate (starch), acting as the lock.
Which is the longest organ of digestive system in human body?
- A. Pancreatic duct
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system, measuring about 7 meters (22 feet). Its main functions are to complete the digestion of food and to absorb nutrients.
What structure in the intestine increases surface area?
- A. Villas
- B. Villi
- C. Cilia
- D. Protrusii
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.