Nokea
Isovolumic contraction phase of ventricular systole occurs during which of the following phases of central venous pressure, approximately
- A. From nadir of y descent to peak of a wave
- B. From peak of a wave to trough of x wave
- C. From trough of x wave to peak of c wave
- D. From peak of c wave to trough of x' descent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isovolumic contraction occurs from the trough of the x wave to the peak of the c wave.
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In normal neonates:
- A. Extracellular fluid volume exceeds intracellular fluid volume
- B. In a term baby, plasma calcium levels exceed that of the mother
- C. Clamping the umbilical cord after cessation of cord pulsations increases the blood volume by 20% in the baby
- D. There are two arteries and one vein in the umbilical cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In neonates, extracellular fluid volume is greater than intracellular fluid volume, reflecting the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life.
Which congenital cardiac defect(s) cause(s) increased pulmonary blood flow? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Atrial septal defects (ASDs)
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Dextroposition of aorta
- D. Patent ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The congenital heart defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow are ASDs, VSDs, and patent ductus arteriosus.
In systemic mastocytosis:
- A. Areas of depigmentation occur
- B. Intermittent flushing is seen
- C. IgE levels are high
- D. Is relieved by aspirin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intermittent flushing is a recognized symptom of systemic mastocytosis due to the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells.
An adult woman with primary Raynaud phenomenon develops pallor and then cyanosis of her fingers. After warming her hands, the fingers turn red and the client reports a burning sensation. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Apply a cool compress to the affected fingers for 20 minutes
- B. Secure a pulse oximeter to monitor the client's oxygen saturation
- C. Report the finding to the healthcare provider as soon as possible
- D. Continue to monitor the fingers until color returns to normal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring is appropriate as the symptoms are consistent with Raynaud's phenomenon and should resolve with warming.
Which clinical manifestation is included in toxic shock syndrome?
- A. Severe hypertension
- B. Subnormal temperature
- C. Erythematous macular rash
- D. Papular rash over extremities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One of the diagnostic criteria for toxic shock syndrome is a diffuse macular erythroderma. Hypotension is one of the manifestations. Fever of 38.9° C or higher is a characteristic. Desquamation of the palms and soles of the feet occurs in about 1 to 2 weeks.