Nokea
It has been discovered that all major anti-psychotic drugs
- A. block the action of dopamine
- B. facilitate the action of dopamine
- C. increase levels of dopamine
- D. decrease levels of dopamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antipsychotics reduce psychotic symptoms by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
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In autistic spectrum disorder when as individual exhibits immediate imitation of words or sounds they have just heard, this is known as:
- A. Echoastic disorder
- B. Phonological inhibition
- C. Echolalia
- D. Grapheme dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Echolalia: The immediate imitation of words or sounds heard, a common feature in autistic spectrum disorder.
A client who received chlorpromazine (Thorazine) for 15 years to treat schizophrenia developed tardive dyskinesia as evidenced by tongue thrusting and chewing motions. The physician discontinued the chlorpromazine and prescribed Seroquel (quetiapine). As a result of this change, the nurse should carefully monitor for:
- A. Development of pseudoparkinsonism
- B. Development of dystonic reactions
- C. Improvement in tardive dyskinesia
- D. Worsening of anticholinergic symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improvement in tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, like chlorpromazine. Quetiapine (Seroquel) is an atypical antipsychotic with a lower risk of causing tardive dyskinesia. By discontinuing chlorpromazine and switching to quetiapine, there is a higher likelihood of improvement or resolution of tardive dyskinesia symptoms. Options A and B are incorrect as they are related to other movement disorders caused by antipsychotics. Option D is incorrect as anticholinergic symptoms are not directly related to tardive dyskinesia improvement with the medication switch.
A nurse plans an educational program for staff of a home health agency specializing in care of the elderly. Which topic is the highest priority to include?
- A. Pain assessment techniques for older adults
- B. Psychosocial stimulation for those who live alone
- C. Preparation of psychiatric advance directives in the elderly
- D. Ways to manage disinhibition in elderly persons with dementia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pain assessment techniques for older adults. This is the highest priority as pain management is crucial in the care of the elderly to ensure their comfort and well-being. By assessing pain accurately, appropriate interventions can be implemented.
- Choice B (Psychosocial stimulation): While important, it is not as critical as addressing pain, which directly impacts the individual's physical comfort.
- Choice C (Psychiatric advance directives): Important for mental health planning but not as immediately essential as pain assessment in day-to-day care.
- Choice D (Managing disinhibition in dementia): Important but secondary to addressing pain, which has a more immediate impact on the individual's quality of life.
Prioritizing pain assessment ensures holistic care for elderly patients.
Which statement by a patient with borderline personality disorder best indicates the treatment plan is helping?
- A. I think you are the best nurse on the unit.'
- B. I hate my doctor. He never gives me what I ask for.'
- C. I feel empty and want to cut myself, so I called you.'
- D. I'm never going to get high on drugs again.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates progress because the patient is demonstrating insight into their emotions, seeking help, and utilizing a coping strategy by reaching out for support instead of engaging in self-harm. Choice A does not provide information about progress in treatment. Choice B reflects a negative attitude towards the doctor. Choice D does not offer any insight into the patient's emotional state or progress in managing their behaviors.
A 45-year-old man develops weakness and wasting of the right hand. Which one of the following is least likely to be the cause?
- A. Old injury to the elbow joint.
- B. Bronchogenic carcinoma of the right upper lobe.
- C. Multiple sclerosis.
- D. Syringomyelia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis (C) typically causes sensory and motor symptoms but rarely isolated hand wasting, which is more characteristic of peripheral nerve or motor neuron issues. Old injury (A), lung cancer (B, via brachial plexus), syringomyelia (D), and motor neurone disease (E) are more directly linked to such symptoms.