Nokea
Jim presents with complaints of 'heartburn' that is minimally relieved with Tums (calcium carbonate) and is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). An appropriate first-step therapy would be:
- A. Omeprazole (Prilosec) twice a day
- B. Ranitidine (Zantac) twice a day
- C. Famotidine (Pepcid) once a day
- D. Metoclopramide (Reglan) four times a day
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ranitidine , an H2 blocker, is a standard first-line GERD treatment; PPIs are next-step, and metoclopramide is for motility.
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What dermatological issue is linked to Amiodarone use?
- A. Increased risk of basal cell carcinoma
- B. Flare up of any prior psoriasis problems
- C. Development of plantarwarts
- D. Progressive change of skin tone toward a blue spectrum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amiodarone causes blue-gray skin discoloration due to drug deposition.
Patients with pernicious anemia require treatment with:
- A. Iron
- B. Folic acid
- C. Epogen alpha
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pernicious anemia requires vitamin B12 due to absorption deficiency; folate masks it without correcting neuropathy.
You are caring for a patient who takes several drugs. You know that those patients most likely to have adverse drug reactions are who?
- A. Patients with coronary artery disease
- B. Non-compliant patients
- C. Patients who are on the recommended dose
- D. Very young and very old patients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Very young and old patients have immature or declining organ function, increasing adverse reaction risk.
Adherence is improved when a drug can be given once daily. Which of the following drugs can be given once daily?
- A. Tacrine
- B. Donepezil
- C. Memantine
- D. Pyridostigmine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Donepezil's long half-life allows once-daily dosing, improving adherence.
In which type of cell are ligand-gated ion channels most commonly found?
- A. Cells that are terminally differentiated
- B. Cells that produce large proteins
- C. Cells that need to respond quickly to external stimuli
- D. Cells that respond to mechanic forces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ligand-gated ion channels enable rapid responses to stimuli, common in excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.