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Kimberly, age 3 years, is being admitted for about 1 week of hospitalization. Her parents tell the nurse that they are going to buy her "a lot of new toys, because she will be in the hospital." The nurse's reply should be based on an understanding of which concept?
- A. New toys make hospitalization easier.
- B. New toys are usually better than older ones for children of this age.
- C. At this age, children often need the comfort and reassurance of familiar toys from home.
- D. Buying new toys for a hospitalized child is a maladaptive way to cope with parental guilt.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is based on the understanding that at the age of 3, children often find comfort and reassurance in familiar toys from home. This familiarity can help them cope with the stress and unfamiliar environment of being hospitalized. Introducing new toys may not provide the same level of comfort and may even add to the child's sense of disorientation during their stay in the hospital. It is essential to prioritize the child's emotional well-being and provide them with familiar items that can offer a sense of security during their hospitalization.
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Which of the ff precautions must a nurse take while caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to reduce occupational risks?
- A. Transport specimens of body fluid in leakproof containers
- B. Seek prescription for a fusion inhibitor to reduce risk of infection
- C. Avoid administering IV drugs
- D. Avoid cleaning the clients room, esp cleaning urine, stool, or vomit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to reduce occupational risks, a nurse must take precautions to minimize the risk of exposure to body fluids that may contain the HIV virus. Transporting specimens of body fluid in leakproof containers helps prevent accidental spills or leakages that could lead to exposure. Proper handling and containment of body fluids are essential to reducing the risk of transmission of HIV to healthcare workers. This precaution is in line with standard infection control practices to ensure the safety of healthcare providers and minimize the risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV.
Which is the nurse's best interpretation of this?
- A. Resuscitation is likely to be needed.
- B. Adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate.
- C. Additional scoring in 5 more minutes is needed.
- D. Maternal sedation or analgesia contributed to the low score.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's best interpretation is that the adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate. This can be determined by the Apgar score, which assesses a newborn's well-being shortly after birth. A score of 7-10 indicates that the newborn is adjusting well to life outside the womb, while a score of 4-6 may indicate some difficulties that may require intervention. In this case, the nurse's interpretation suggests that the newborn is doing well in adapting to the new environment.
Which of the following parts of neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?
- A. Dendrite
- B. Neurolemma
- C. Axon
- D. Synapse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The axon is the part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body. It is a long, slender extension of the neuron that conducts electrical signals known as action potentials to other cells. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. The neurolemma is a layer of cells surrounding the axon that facilitates nerve regeneration. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted through neurotransmitters.
The single parent of a 3-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with chickenpox tells the nurse that she cannot afford to stay home with the child and miss work. The parent asks the nurse if some medication will shorten the course of the illness. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Reassure the parent that it is not necessary to stay home with the child.
- B. Explain that no medication will shorten the course of the illness.
- C. Explain the advantages of the medication acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat chickenpox.
- D. Explain the advantages of the medication VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG) to treat chickenpox.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention in this scenario is to explain to the parent that no medication will shorten the course of chickenpox. Chickenpox is a viral illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus, and there is no specific treatment to shorten its duration. Antiviral medications like acyclovir are typically reserved for severe cases or for individuals with compromised immune systems. VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG) is used for post-exposure prophylaxis in susceptible individuals who have been exposed to chickenpox and are at high risk for severe disease.
Which of the following is an early sign of anemia?
- A. Palpitations
- B. Pallor
- C. Glossitis
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pallor, or paleness of the skin, is an early sign of anemia. Anemia occurs when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to the body's tissues. This lack of oxygen can cause the skin to appear pale due to decreased blood flow. Other common symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and cold hands and feet. Palpitations, glossitis, and weight loss are not typically early signs of anemia.