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Kris is a hospitalized movie star. A nursing assistant takes her picture without permission and sells it to a local newspaper. The nursing assistant could be quilts of:
- A. Invasion of privacy
- B. Defamation
- C. Abuse
- D. Assault and battery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This scenario falls under the category of invasion of privacy. Invasion of privacy occurs when a person's private information or images are shared or used without their consent, leading to an intrusion of their private life. In this case, Kris, as a hospitalized movie star, had her picture taken without permission by the nursing assistant, which was later sold to a local newspaper. Kris has a right to privacy, especially during a vulnerable time like being hospitalized, and the nursing assistant violated that right by taking and selling her picture without consent. This action constitutes an invasion of privacy.
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The charts are stored in the Medical Records or storage room for at least _____ years.
- A. 3-5 years
- B. 5-10 years
- C. 1-5 years
- D. 1-3 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Medical records are typically required to be retained for a certain period of time as mandated by legal and regulatory requirements. The retention period for medical records is generally between 5 to 10 years, depending on the jurisdiction and specific regulations governing healthcare facilities. Keeping medical records for this duration ensures that they are available for reference, audits, legal purposes, and continuity of care for patients. Storing medical records for an adequate length of time also helps in ensuring continuity of care and tracking patients' medical history over time, which is crucial for quality healthcare delivery. Therefore, storing charts in the Medical Records or storage room for at least 5-10 years aligns with standard practices in healthcare compliance and patient care.
Nurse Adalynn explains to the mothers that early indication for hypovolemia caused by postpartum hemorrhage is _____.
- A. increasing pulse and decreasing blood pressure
- B. altered mental status and level of consciousness
- C. dizziness and increasing respiratory rate
- D. Cool, clammy skin, and pale mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurse Adalynn explains to the mothers that early indication for hypovolemia caused by postpartum hemorrhage is an increasing pulse and decreasing blood pressure. Hypovolemia is a condition where there is a decreased volume of circulating blood in the body, often characterized by fluid loss such as through bleeding. As blood volume decreases, the heart rate increases in an attempt to maintain adequate perfusion to organs and tissues. This results in an elevated pulse rate. Additionally, as the blood volume decreases, the blood pressure may drop due to the reduced amount of blood being pumped around the body. Therefore, monitoring for an increasing pulse and decreasing blood pressure is crucial in detecting hypovolemia early, allowing for prompt intervention to prevent further complications.
Attention deficit, Hyperactivity, disorder (ADHD) is characterized by NOT one of the following?
- A. Mental retardation
- B. Inattentiveness
- C. Over activity
- D. Impulsiveness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty paying attention, completing tasks, sitting still, or controlling their impulses. Mental retardation (now referred to as intellectual disability) is a separate condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. While individuals with ADHD may experience difficulties in school or work due to their symptoms, ADHD itself does not indicate mental retardation.
A patient with advanced dementia is no longer able to communicate verbally and displays signs of distress. What should the palliative nurse consider when assessing and managing the patient's distress?
- A. Focus solely on physical comfort measures to alleviate distress.
- B. Assume the patient's distress is solely related to physical discomfort.
- C. Explore non-verbal cues and behaviors to identify the underlying causes of distress.
- D. Administer sedative medications to manage the patient's agitation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When assessing and managing distress in a patient with advanced dementia who is no longer able to communicate verbally, the palliative nurse should consider exploring non-verbal cues and behaviors to identify the underlying causes of distress. Since the patient cannot communicate through words, it is essential to pay close attention to their non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and changes in behavior. Distress in dementia patients can be caused by a variety of factors including physical discomfort, unmet needs, environmental stressors, emotional distress, or even medication side effects. By carefully observing and interpreting non-verbal cues, the nurse can gain insight into what might be causing the patient's distress and tailor interventions accordingly. Simply focusing on physical comfort measures may not address the root cause of the distress, and administering sedative medications without understanding the underlying cause is not considered best practice in palliative care for dementia patients.
A patient presents with fatigue, weakness, hyperpigmentation of the skin, and salt craving. Laboratory tests reveal low serum sodium levels and elevated serum potassium levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Addison's disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison's disease is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to a deficiency in cortisol and aldosterone production. The symptoms of Addison's disease include fatigue, weakness, hyperpigmentation of the skin (due to elevated levels of ACTH stimulating melanocytes), and salt craving (due to aldosterone deficiency). Low serum sodium levels and elevated serum potassium levels are also common laboratory findings in Addison's disease, as aldosterone plays a key role in maintaining electrolyte balance. Patients with Addison's disease are at risk of developing an adrenal crisis, which can be life-threatening if not promptly recognized and treated with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy.