Nokea
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the drug of choice for thyroid replacement therapy in clients with hypothyroidism because:
- A. it is chemically stable, nonallergenic, and can be administered orally once a day.
- B. it is available in a wide range of concentrations to meet individual client requirements.
- C. it is a prodrug of T3.
- D. it has a long half-life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the preferred medication for hypothyroidism due to its chemical stability, nonallergenic properties, and convenient once-daily oral administration. It is safe and effective with minimal side effects when appropriately dosed. Choice B is incorrect because while Levothyroxine is available in various concentrations, it is not the reason it is the drug of choice; the primary reason is its stability and nonallergenic nature. Choice C is wrong as Levothyroxine (T4) is not a prodrug of T3; it is converted to T3 in the body. Option D is inaccurate because Levothyroxine has a long half-life (around 7 days), enabling once-daily dosing, as opposed to a short half-life.
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The death of a beloved spouse places the surviving partner in which type of crisis?
- A. maturational
- B. reactive
- C. nonreactive
- D. situational
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'situational.' A situational crisis is an unexpected, unplanned event, such as the death of a spouse, which can lead to significant distress. Option A is incorrect because a maturational crisis is related to normal life transitions like getting married or retiring. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not represent recognized crisis states in the context of the scenario provided.
Which of the following can certain foods like broccoli, oranges, dark greens, and dark yellow vegetables help improve?
- A. Vitamin intake
- B. Body functions
- C. Defense mechanisms
- D. Disease cure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Certain foods like broccoli, oranges, dark greens, and dark yellow vegetables can help improve defense mechanisms by enhancing the immune system and overall health. While these foods can boost defense mechanisms, they are not a cure for diseases, do not balance body functions, and are not intended to solely supplement vitamin intake, which may be necessary in some cases. Therefore, the correct answer is defense mechanisms as these foods strengthen the body's ability to fight off illnesses and maintain health.
A physician orders a serum creatinine for a hospitalized client. The nurse should explain to the client and his family that this test:
- A. is normal if the level is 4.0 to 5.5 mg/dl.
- B. can be elevated with increased protein intake.
- C. is a better indicator of renal function than the BUN.
- D. reflects the fluid volume status of a person
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A serum creatinine level should be 0.7 to 1.5 mg/dl, and it does not vary with increased protein intake, so it is a better indicator of renal function than the BUN. Choice A is incorrect as a serum creatinine level of 4.0 to 5.5 mg/dl is not normal. Choice B is incorrect as serum creatinine is not affected by increased protein intake. Choice D is incorrect as serum creatinine primarily reflects renal function, not fluid volume status.
Which of the following terms refers to soft tissue injury caused by blunt force?
- A. contusion
- B. strain
- C. sprain
- D. dislocation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A contusion is a soft tissue injury caused by blunt force. It is an injury that does not break the skin, caused by a blow, and characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain. The immediate application of cold might limit the development of a contusion. A strain is a muscle pull from overuse, overstretching, or excessive stress. A sprain is caused by a wrenching or twisting motion. A dislocation is a condition where the articular surfaces of the bones forming a joint are no longer in anatomical contact. Therefore, the correct answer is 'contusion' as it specifically relates to soft tissue injury caused by blunt force.
Which of the following microorganisms is easily transmitted from client to client on the hands of healthcare workers?
- A. mycobacterium tuberculosis
- B. clostridium tetani
- C. staphylococcus aureus
- D. human immunodeficiency virus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms are ubiquitous and easily transmitted by healthcare workers who fail to conduct routine hand washing between clients. Staphylococcus aureus can reside on the skin and be transferred from one client to another if proper hand hygiene is not practiced. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the airborne route, clostridium tetani is usually acquired through exposure to soil or dirt contaminated with tetanus spores, and human immunodeficiency virus is not easily transmitted through casual contact or on the hands of healthcare workers.