Nokea
Lifestyle influences that are considered risk factors for colorectal cancer include:
- A. A diet low in vitamin C.
- B. A high dietary intake of artificial sweeteners (Aspartame).
- C. A high-fat, low-fiber diet.
- D. Multiple sex partners.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fat, low-fiber diet is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer, as it slows digestion and increases exposure to potential carcinogens in the colon.
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The nurse is teaching a client about taking prophylactic warfarin sodium (Coumadin). Which statement indicates that the client understands how to take the drug?
- A. The drug's execution peaks in 2 hours.
- B. Maximum dosage is not achieved until 3 to 4 days after starting the medication.
- C. Effects of the drug continue for 4 to 5 days after discontinuing the medication.
- D. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for warfarin.
- E. I should have my blood levels tested periodically.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Warfarin's maximum effect takes 3-4 days (B), its effects persist 4-5 days after stopping (C), and periodic blood tests (e.g., INR) are required (E). Peak action is not 2 hours, and protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin, not warfarin.
A client with angina has been taking nifedipine. The nurse should teach the client to:
- A. Monitor blood pressure monthly.
- B. Perform daily weights.
- C. Inspect gums daily.
- D. Limit intake of green leafy vegetables.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause gingival hyperplasia. Daily gum inspection helps detect this side effect early.
A client with end-stage cancer is receiving morphine for pain. The family is concerned about addiction. The nurse should explain that:
- A. Addiction is not a concern in terminal illness.
- B. Morphine will be tapered to prevent addiction.
- C. Addiction is common but manageable.
- D. Morphine should be avoided to prevent addiction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In terminal illness, addiction is not a concern, as the priority is pain control to ensure comfort, and this explanation reassures the family.
Atropine sulfate (Atropine) is contraindicated in all but which one of the following clients?
- A. A client with diabetes.
- B. A client with glaucoma.
- C. A client with urine retention.
- D. A client with bowel obstruction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atropine is contraindicated in glaucoma (increases intraocular pressure), urine retention (worsens retention), and bowel obstruction (reduces motility). It is not contraindicated in diabetes, as it has no direct effect on glucose metabolism.
A 56-year-old female is currently receiving radiation therapy to the chest wall for recurrent breast cancer. She has pain while swallowing and burning and tightness in her chest. The nurse should further assess the client for indications of:
- A. Hiatal hernia.
- B. Stomatitis.
- C. Radiation enteritis.
- D. Esophagitis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pain while swallowing and chest burning/tightness suggest esophagitis, a common side effect of chest wall radiation due to irritation of the esophageal mucosa.