Nokea
Lipoprotein lipase is activated by which drug?
- A. Clofibrate
- B. Nicotinic acid
- C. Cholestyramine
- D. Atorvastatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because clofibrate, a fibrate, activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL) via PPAR-alpha, lowering triglycerides, per pharmacology. 'B' (niacin) reduces VLDL synthesis. 'C' (cholestyramine) binds bile acids. 'D' (atorvastatin) inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Clofibrate's LPL activation is its hallmark.
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A common side effect of niacin is:
- A. Constipation
- B. Cutaneous flushing
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because niacin commonly causes cutaneous flushing via prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation, per clinical use. 'A' (constipation) is rare. 'C' (hypoglycemia) and 'D' (hyperkalemia) aren't linked. Flushing is manageable with aspirin.
Which drug can cause a lupus-like syndrome as a side effect?
- A. Quinidine
- B. Procainamide
- C. Lidocaine
- D. Flecainide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because procainamide frequently causes a reversible lupus-like syndrome, per rheumatology. 'A' (quinidine) causes cinchonism. 'C' (lidocaine) and 'D' (flecainide) lack this. Procainamide's immunogenicity is a chronic concern.
When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, the drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor will bind to
- A. more receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
- B. fewer receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
- C. all of the available receptors.
- D. none of the available receptors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stronger affinity binds more receptors (A), per the text, making it correct. B is opposite, C and D are extremes not supported, confirming A.
What would the nurse provide when preparing a patient for discharge and home medication self-administration?
- A. Personal contact information to use if the patient has questions
- B. Thorough medication teaching about drugs and the drug regimen
- C. Over-the-counter medications to use to treat potential adverse effects
- D. A sample size package of medication to take home until prescription is filled
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thorough teaching (B) ensures safe self-administration, per the text, making it correct. Personal contact (A) isn't given, OTCs (C) risk masking issues, and samples (D) aren't nurse-dispensed, so B is the best provision.
What does the term 'bioavailability' mean?
- A. The proportion of a drug which enters the circulation when introduced into the body.
- B. Permeability through the blood-brain barrier.
- C. Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route of administration.
- D. Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial dose.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because bioavailability is defined as the proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation unchanged, available to exert its effect, per standard pharmacology. 'B' is false—bioavailability isn't about blood-brain barrier permeability, which is a separate property. 'C' is partially true but overly specific; it limits to uncharged drugs, which isn't the general definition. 'D' is incorrect—urine levels reflect excretion, not circulation entry. 'A' aligns with the broad, accepted pharmacokinetic concept used in clinical practice.