Nokea
Macrophages attack and destroy foreign substances to the body. Where does this action occur?
- A. At the site of trauma
- B. In the lymph node
- C. In the vascular system
- D. In the thymus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As lymph passes through the node, macrophages attack and engulf foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses, abnormal body cells, and other debris. The other options are incorrect.
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Undifferentiated cells that migrate to the thymus gland develop into which of the following?
- A. A lymphocytes
- B. D lymphocytes
- C. T lymphocytes
- D. S lymphocytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thymus gland is lymphatic tissue in the upper chest that contains undifferentiated stem cells released from bone marrow. Once the undifferentiated cells migrate to the thymus gland, they develop into T lymphocytes because they are thymus derived. The other options are distractors for this question.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory studies that determine a client is deficient in copper. What does the nurse understand is the importance of copper in the body?
- A. Essential for the maturation of red blood cells
- B. Basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin
- C. Involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma
- D. Serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Copper is involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma. Folic acid and Bâ??â?? are essential for the maturation of red blood cells. Iron is the basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin. Vitamin B6 serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation.
The nursing instructor is teaching her clinical group about laboratory blood tests. What is the major function of erythrocytes?
- A. Act as mediators for the immune system
- B. Destroy invading organisms
- C. Transportation of Oâ?? to the tissues and removal of COâ?? from the tissues
- D. Oxygenation of the brain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythrocytes (or RBCs) are flexible, anuclear (lacking a nucleus), biconcave disks covered by a thin membrane through which oxygen (Oâ??) and carbon dioxide (COâ??) pass freely. The flexibility of erythrocytes allows them to change shape as they travel through capillaries. Their major function is to transport Oâ?? to and remove COâ?? from the tissues. The RBCs are not involved in immunological functions, so choices A and B are not correct. Oxygenation of the brain is important but that is not a major function of RBCs.
A client is being treated for anemia and has a hemoglobin level of 9.6 g/dL. What does the nurse understand is the basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin that the client may be deficient in?
- A. Folic acid
- B. Copper
- C. Protein
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron is the basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin. Folic acid is essential for the maturation of red blood cells. Copper (minute amount) is involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma.
The nurse is inspecting the tonsils of a client that complains of a sore throat for size and appearance. What is the appropriate documentation for an observation of tonsils that touch the uvula?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A scale of 3 is when the tonsils touch the uvula. A 1 is when the tonsils are visible, a 2 is when the tonsils extend medially toward the uvula, and a 4 is when the tonsils touch each other.