Nokea
Major complications of diabetes include damage to the:
- A. stomach, liver, and pancreas
- B. eyes, nerves, and kidneys
- C. skin, blood vessels, and lungs
- D. brain, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: eyes, nerves, and kidneys. In diabetes, major complications result from damage to small blood vessels that supply these organs. Damage to the eyes can lead to retinopathy, to the nerves causing neuropathy, and to the kidneys causing nephropathy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the typical major complications associated with diabetes.
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What is the end product of lipid digestion?
- A. fatty acid
- B. sucrose
- C. monosaccharide
- D. amino acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, fatty acid. During the process of lipid digestion, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These end products are then absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system for further processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrose is a disaccharide, monosaccharide is a simple sugar unit, and amino acid is a building block of proteins, not the end product of lipid digestion.
How many diet-related major risk factors for coronary heart disease does Mrs. Winslow have?
- A. 1
- B. 4
- C. 2
- D. 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mrs. Winslow has four major diet-related risk factors for coronary heart disease: high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Choice A is incorrect because there are more than one risk factor present. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not account for the total number of diet-related major risk factors identified.
How many grams of protein per day are recommended for a person weighing 150 lbs?
- A. 120
- B. 85
- C. 187.5
- D. 54
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide the weight in pounds by 2.2. Therefore, a 150 lb person weighs approximately 68 kg (150 / 2.2 = 68). Multiplying 68 kg by 0.8 grams gives us 54 grams of protein per day. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the RDA calculation based on body weight.
Nonnutritive sweeteners are not metabolized by microorganisms and do not promote dental caries. Products made with a nonnutritive sweetener can be used as frequently as 8 to 10 times per day.
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The recommended daily fluid intake of patients maintained using hemodialysis is:
- A. 150 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- B. 500 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- C. 1000 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- D. 1500 mL plus the volume of urinary output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1000 mL plus the volume of urinary output. Fluid intake is typically restricted in hemodialysis patients to prevent fluid overload. The recommended daily fluid intake for these patients is 1000 mL plus any urinary output. Choice A (150 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is too low and would not provide enough fluid for these patients. Choice B (500 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is also insufficient. Choice D (1500 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is too high and may lead to fluid overload in hemodialysis patients.