Microbiology An Introduction Tortora Test Bank

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Many diseases of medicinal plants are caused by bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Select the bacteria relating to this genus:

  • A. Blue pus bacillus
  • B. Colon bacillus
  • C. Proteus
  • D. Mycoplasma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blue pus bacillus. Pseudomonas genus includes bacteria that commonly cause diseases in plants. Blue pus bacillus is a common name for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a well-known bacterium that causes diseases in medicinal plants.

Explanation:
1. Blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is a member of the Pseudomonas genus known for causing diseases in plants.
2. Colon bacillus (Escherichia coli) belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, not the Pseudomonas genus.
3. Proteus is a genus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, not Pseudomonas.
4. Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are not related to the Pseudomonas genus.

In summary, the correct answer is A because it is a member of the Pseudomonas genus known for causing diseases in medicinal plants, while

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A patient ill with amebiasis was prescribed a certain drug. The use of alcohol together with this drug is contraindicated because the drug inhibits metabolism of ethyl alcohol. What drug is it?

  • A. Metronidazole
  • B. Reserpine
  • C. Clonidine
  • D. Diazepam
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Metronidazole is known to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism.
2. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to accumulation of acetaldehyde, causing unpleasant symptoms when alcohol is consumed.
3. This reaction is known as the disulfiram-like reaction.
4. Reserpine, Clonidine, and Diazepam do not have this specific mechanism of action.
Summary:
- Option A (Metronidazole) is correct due to its inhibition of alcohol metabolism.
- Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not exhibit this interaction with alcohol metabolism.

The main function of siderophores in bacteria is:

  • A. to enhance antibiotic resistance
  • B. to sequester iron from the environment
  • C. to form capsules
  • D. to perform oxidative phosphorylation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: to sequester iron from the environment. Siderophores are molecules produced by bacteria to chelate and acquire iron, an essential nutrient for their growth and survival. By sequestering iron, bacteria can compete with host cells and other microbes for this vital resource. This enhances their ability to thrive and establish infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because siderophores do not directly enhance antibiotic resistance, form capsules, or perform oxidative phosphorylation. These functions are unrelated to the primary role of siderophores in iron acquisition.

Which of the following does NOT describe Cephalosporins

  • A. relatively broad spectrum
  • B. bactericidal
  • C. beta-lactam
  • D. interferes with protein synthesis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: interferes with protein synthesis. Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, not protein synthesis. They are bactericidal and have a relatively broad spectrum of activity against various bacteria. Choice A, B, and C all describe characteristics of cephalosporins, making them incorrect options.

Infectious mononucleosis most often occurs in:

  • A. infants
  • B. adolescents
  • C. young adults
  • D. the elderly
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: adolescents. Infectious mononucleosis is commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which is transmitted through saliva. Adolescents are more likely to engage in activities like kissing and sharing drinks, increasing the chances of virus transmission. Infants have maternal antibodies for protection, young adults may have developed immunity, and the elderly have had more exposure to the virus and may have built immunity over time.

A bacterial colony is:

  • A. Visible formation, formed by clustering of cells, belonging to different bacterial species
  • B. Formed only on a liquid nutrient medium
  • C. Both are incorrect
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: A bacterial colony is a visible formation: Correct as colonies are visible to the naked eye.
Step 2: Formed by clustering of cells: Correct as colonies are made up of numerous bacterial cells.
Step 3: Belonging to different bacterial species: Correct as colonies can consist of one or multiple species.
Summary:
Choice A is correct as it accurately describes a bacterial colony. Choice B is incorrect as colonies can also form on solid nutrient mediums. Choice C is incorrect as choice A is correct. Choice D is incorrect as there is a correct option provided.

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