Nokea
Many patients self-medicate with antacids. Which patients should be counseled to not take calcium carbonate antacids without discussing it with their provider or a pharmacist first?
- A. Patients with kidney stones
- B. Pregnant patients
- C. Patients with heartburn
- D. Postmenopausal women
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium carbonate can worsen kidney stones; it's generally safe in pregnancy or heartburn without special caution.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the drug of choice in treating hypertension in diabetic patients because they:
- A. Improve insulin sensitivity
- B. Improve renal hemodynamics
- C. Reduce the production of angiotensin II
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ACE inhibitors benefit diabetics by enhancing insulin sensitivity, protecting kidneys, and blocking angiotensin II.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Captopril for hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Neutropenia
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Captopril can cause neutropenia , a rare but serious side effect requiring monitoring.
Choose a drug that is contraindicated in pregnancy because it can damage fetal kidneys:
- A. Hydralazine
- B. Nifedipine
- C. Captopril
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors like captopril cause fetal renal damage.
Which drug has a high first pass effect
- A. Amiodarone
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Verapamil
- D. Disopyramide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Verapamil undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, reducing its bioavailability when taken orally.
Which statement is true about Lomotil?
- A. Abuse potential for this drug is low
- B. Psychological dependency is likely
- C. There is a high potential for abuse
- D. This drug is not a controlled substance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lomotil, a Schedule V drug, has an abuse potential of limited physical or psychological dependence liability compared with drugs in Schedule IV.