Nokea
Mary presents difficulty breathing, fatigue, orthopnea, and palpitation, and is diagnosed as having aortic insufficiency. After undergoing aortic valve repair, what medication would you expect her physician to prescribe?
- A. Ativan.
- B. Haldol.
- C. Heparin.
- D. Thorazine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anticoagulation is often required post-valve repair to prevent clot formation.
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If the SpO2 level is above 90%, what can be assumed about the PaO2?
- A. Hypoxia
- B. Hypercapnia
- C. Acidosis
- D. Alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acidosis occurs when blood pH drops below 7.35 due to an accumulation of hydrogen ions, commonly resulting from respiratory or metabolic imbalances.
Josie is the mother of a healthy 19-year-old woman having surgery tomorrow. After the surgeon discusses the surgery, risks, and benefits with the patient and her mother, the mother wants to sign the consent form. The most appropriate response to this would be:
- A. Of course, she can sign the consent form; after all, the patient is her daughter.
- B. No, she cannot sign the form.
- C. While you appreciate her concern for her daughter, the patient is a consenting adult and legally needs to sign her own consent form.
- D. Encourage both the patient and her mother to sign the form.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 19-year-old is considered a consenting adult and must sign their own consent form unless they are deemed legally incompetent. The mother's role is supportive but does not override the patient's legal rights.
A 20-year-old patient with a massive head injury is on life support, including a ventilator to maintain respirations. What three criteria for brain death are necessary to discontinue life support?
- A. Irreversible cessation of all brain functions.
- B. Absence of brainstem reflexes.
- C. No spontaneous respirations.
- D. Fear of pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brain death is confirmed when there is irreversible cessation of all brain functions, absence of brainstem reflexes, and no spontaneous respirations, meeting legal and medical criteria for death.
Which type of anesthesia describes a state in which the client is free of pain, fear, and anxiety and can tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining independent cardiorespiratory function and the ability to respond to verbal commands and tactile stimulation?
- A. General
- B. Regional
- C. Epidural
- D. Procedural sedation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because procedural sedation allows the client to remain responsive while being sedated.
What are these sensory phenomena called when a client hears voices or sees images that do not objectively exist?
- A. Mania
- B. Delusions
- C. Seasonal affective disorder
- D. Hallucinations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hallucinations involve perceiving things that are not present, such as hearing voices or seeing images.