Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam

Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam Related

Review Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam related questions and content

Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:

  • A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
  • B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
  • C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
  • D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.

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Each statement is true of proteins, except one. Which is the exception?

  • A. Proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids
  • B. The classification of the 20 common amino acids is based on the properties of their side chains
  • C. The general structure of an amino acid varies considerably
  • D. Amino acids polymerize to form long chains called polypeptides
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The classification of the 20 common amino acids is not based on the properties of their side chains, but rather on the structure of their amino and carboxyl groups. These groups are consistent among all amino acids, while the side chains, also known as R groups, are what vary and give each amino acid its unique properties. Choice A is correct because proteins are indeed composed of amino acids. Choice C is incorrect because while the side chains of amino acids can vary, the general structure of an amino acid - a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain - is consistent. Choice D is correct because amino acids do polymerize to form long chains called polypeptides, which can then fold into complex shapes to form proteins.

Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed for the absorption of which vitamin?

  • A. vitamin B12
  • B. folate
  • C. niacin
  • D. vitamin B6
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is then absorbed in the ileum. This absorption process is crucial for preventing vitamin B12 deficiency. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not require intrinsic factor for absorption. Folate is absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism, niacin can be absorbed in the small intestine without the need for intrinsic factor, and vitamin B6 does not rely on intrinsic factor for absorption.

Which of the following is a poor food source of iron?

  • A. Dried fruits
  • B. Cheese
  • C. Clams
  • D. Legumes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Iron is an essential nutrient for the body, and while it can be found in many different types of foods, the amounts can vary significantly. Cheese, while a good source of other nutrients like calcium and protein, is not a particularly rich source of iron. On the other hand, clams, legumes, and dried fruits are known to contain higher levels of iron. Therefore, among the provided choices, cheese is considered a poor source of iron. It's important to note that a balanced diet should include a variety of foods to ensure the intake of all necessary nutrients.

Which organ produces and secretes bicarbonate ions and insulin?

  • A. Stomach
  • B. Pancreas
  • C. Large intestine
  • D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The pancreas is the correct answer because it performs two vital functions: producing bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine and secreting insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. The stomach is incorrect because its primary function is to break down and digest food, not produce bicarbonate ions or insulin. The large and small intestines are also incorrect because their primary functions are to absorb nutrients and water from food, rather than producing bicarbonate ions or insulin.

The major determinant of a person's total cholesterol levels is the amount of cholesterol in their diet.

  • A. True
  • B. False
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is false that the major determinant of a person's total cholesterol levels is the amount of cholesterol in their diet. While dietary cholesterol can have some impact on total cholesterol levels, it is not the major determinant. The amount and types of fats consumed, particularly saturated and trans fats, have a more significant impact on blood cholesterol levels. Therefore, a diet high in these types of fats can lead to high cholesterol, irrespective of the amount of dietary cholesterol consumed. This is why it is essential to maintain a balanced diet with a limited intake of saturated and trans fats.

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