Nokea
Meningeal sign is the following:
- A. Babinsky
- B. Kernig
- C. Lasseg
- D. Romberg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kernig's sign is the correct answer because it is a clinical sign of meningeal irritation, often seen in meningitis. It is elicited by attempting to extend the knee while the hip is flexed, which causes pain and resistance due to inflammation of the meninges.
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In counseling patients with spinal cord lesions regarding sexual function, how should the nurse advise a male patient with a complete lower motor neuron lesion?
- A. He is most likely to have reflexogenic erections and may experience orgasm if ejaculation occurs
- B. He may have uncontrolled reflex erections but orgasm and ejaculation are usually not possible
- C. He has a lesion with the greatest possibility of successful psychogenic erection with ejaculation and orgasm
- D. He will probably be unable to have either psychogenic or reflexogenic erections and no ejaculation or orgasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions result in uncontrolled reflex erections.
The limbic system includes the:
- A. amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
- B. hypothalamus, medulla, hippocampus
- C. hippocampus, pons, thalamus
- D. cerebellum, pons, hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system is a group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. It includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotional responses; the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones and homeostasis; and the hippocampus, which is essential for forming and retrieving memories. These structures work together to integrate emotional and cognitive processes, playing a key role in behavior and survival.
Laboratory findings that the nurse would expect to be present in the patient with RA include
- A. polycythemia.
- B. increased immunoglobulin G (IgG).
- C. decreased white blood cell (WBC) count.
- D. anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ACPA is specific to RA.
True statements about aldosterone include:
- A. it increases the amount of Na+-K+ ATPase in the target cells
- B. it reduces the sodium content of the sweat
- C. it increases the acidity of urine
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na+-K+ ATPase activity in target cells, promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. It also reduces sodium loss in sweat and increases urine acidity by promoting hydrogen ion excretion. These actions help regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity?
- A. epinephrine
- B. norepinephrine
- C. acetylcholine
- D. adrenaline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating digestive activity by increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes and promoting smooth muscle contractions. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline are stress hormones that inhibit digestive activity by diverting blood flow away from the digestive system and prioritizing other physiological responses. Therefore, acetylcholine is the most likely signaling molecule to increase digestive activity compared to the other choices.