Nokea
Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery by decreasing:
- A. Periphery resistance
- B. Pulmonary capillary pressure
- C. Transudation of fluid
- D. All of the above CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to decrease pulmonary capillary pressure. By reducing pulmonary capillary pressure, morphine helps to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery, leading to improved oxygenation and decreased symptoms of pulmonary edema. Morphine works to vasodilate the blood vessels, which ultimately helps decrease the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, allowing for improved blood flow to the periphery of the lungs. This redistribution of pulmonary circulation helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid buildup in the lungs that occurs in acute pulmonary edema.
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all the following written below are accepted treatment for heart insufficiency except:
- A. corticosteroids
- B. oxygen
- C. digoxin
- D. diuretics except:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids are not typically used in the treatment of heart insufficiency. The mainstay of treatment for heart insufficiency includes medications like oxygen, digoxin, diuretics, and sometimes blood transfusions of packed red blood cells. Corticosteroids are more commonly used to reduce inflammation and immune responses in conditions like asthma, arthritis, and certain autoimmune diseases.
The nurse knows that a client understands a low residue diet when he selects which of the following from the menu?
- A. Rice and lean chicken
- B. Pasta with vegetables
- C. Strawberry pie
- D. Tuna casserole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low residue diet is designed to minimize the amount of undigested food in the stool, therefore reducing the frequency and volume of bowel movements. Foods high in fiber, such as pasta with vegetables and strawberry pie, may not be suitable for a low residue diet as they can increase stool bulk. Tuna casserole may contain ingredients like bread crumbs or high-fiber vegetables that are also not recommended on a low residue diet. Rice and lean chicken are good choices for this diet as they are low in fiber and easy to digest, making them suitable options for a client following a low residue diet.
Which is an objective of care for a 10-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Reduce blood pressure.
- B. Reduce excretion of urinary protein.
- C. Increase excretion of urinary protein.
- D. Increase ability of tissues to retain fluid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The management goal for a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is to reduce the excretion of urinary protein. In this condition, there is an abnormal loss of protein in the urine due to damage in the glomeruli of the kidneys. Reducing the excretion of urinary protein helps prevent complications associated with protein loss, such as edema and hypoalbuminemia. While reducing blood pressure may be important in some cases, the primary focus for this specific condition is to address the protein leak in the urine. Increasing the excretion of urinary protein would worsen the condition, and increasing the ability of tissues to retain fluid is not the desired outcome in this context.
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by all the following EXCEPT
- A. thrombocytopenia
- B. microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- C. coagulopathy
- D. association with infantile hemangiomas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is not typically associated with hemangiomas.
minutes after birth the normal heart rate of the infant may range between:
- A. 100 and 180
- B. 130 and 170
- C. 120 and 160
- D. 100 and 130
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal heart rate of a newborn infant is typically between 120 and 160 beats per minute within the first minutes after birth. This range is considered normal for a healthy newborn and reflects the development of the infant's cardiovascular system. It is important to monitor the newborn's heart rate closely in the immediate post-birth period to ensure that it remains within this normal range. Any deviations from this range may indicate a need for further evaluation and intervention.