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Most asthmatic attacks respond to Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Most asthmatic attacks respond to Epinephrine (Adrenalin) and it may be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of some allergic conditions because it:
- A. Improves cardiac output due to its positive inotropic effect.
- B. Acts as a hypertensive agent elevating BP.
- C. Dilates the bronchi.
- D. Antagonizes histamine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine dilates bronchi, relieving bronchospasm in asthma and allergic reactions.
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A client with mastoiditis has a left mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty. The nurse should observe the client for signs of damage to the sixth crania nerve, which include:
- A. Inability to chew
- B. Inability to look laterally
- C. Inability to swallow
- D. Loss of scalp sensation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sixth cranial nerve (abducens) controls lateral eye movement, so damage would result in an inability to look laterally.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings would require immediate intervention?
- A. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
- B. Weight gain of 1 kg since last dialysis.
- C. Bright red blood in the dialysis tubing.
- D. Potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bright red blood in the dialysis tubing indicates a potential access site bleed or tubing disconnection, requiring immediate intervention to prevent blood loss. Mild hypertension (A) and weight gain (B) are common, and a normal potassium level (D) is unremarkable.
Following a small-bowel resection, a client develops fever and anemia. The surface surrounding the surgical wound is warm to the touch and necrotizing fasciitis is suspected. Another manifestation that would most suggest necrotizing fasciitis is:
- A. erythema
- B. leukocytosis
- C. pressurelike pain
- D. swelling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe pressurelike pain out of proportion to visible signs distinguishes necrotizing fasciitis from cellulitis. Erythema, leukocytosis, and swelling are present in both cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis.
While assessing an Rh positive newborn whose mother is Rh negative, the nurse recognizes the risk for hyperbilirubinemia. Which of the following should be reported immediately?
- A. Jaundice evident at 26 hours
- B. Hematocrit of 55%
- C. Serum bilirubin of 12 mg
- D. Positive Coombs' test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The elevated bilirubin is in the range that requires immediate intervention, such as phototherapy. At a serum bilirubin of 12 mg, the neonate is at risk for the development of kernicterus, or bilirubin encephalopathy. The provider determines the therapy appropriate after reviewing all laboratory findings.
Homonymous hemianopsia:
Homonymous hemianopsia:
- A. Half of the visual field of the affected eye is lost.
- B. The pupil in the affected eye is always dilated.
- C. Lost of vision on the affected eye.
- D. The pupil in the affected eye is not constricting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Homonymous hemianopsia involves loss of half the visual field in both eyes, same side.