Nokea
Most fat replacers are made from:
- A. proteins.
- B. carbohydrates.
- C. cholesterol.
- D. monoglycerides.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Most fat replacers are made from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are utilized to mimic the texture of fats in food products. Proteins (Choice A) are not commonly used as fat replacers and are more often associated with other functions in food. Cholesterol (Choice C) is a type of fat and not used to replace fat in food products. Monoglycerides (Choice D) are sometimes used as emulsifiers or stabilizers in food products but are not the primary source of fat replacers.
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Where does the major portion of the chemical digestion of lipids occur?
- A. Mouth.
- B. Stomach.
- C. Small intestine.
- D. Large intestine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic lipase are active. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the mouth and stomach play minor roles in lipid digestion, and the large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residues.
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts are known as:
- A. indispensable.
- B. dispensable.
- C. simple.
- D. complex.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'dispensable.' Dispensable amino acids are those that the body can synthesize in sufficient amounts, so they are not required to be obtained from the diet. Indispensable amino acids, on the other hand, are essential and must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce them in sufficient quantities. Choices C and D, 'simple' and 'complex,' are incorrect as they do not accurately describe amino acids in terms of synthesis by the body.
Which of the following plasma proteins helps maintain fluid balance?
- A. Albumin
- B. Fibrinogen
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Collagen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is the correct answer. It is a plasma protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure, thereby playing a vital role in regulating fluid balance in the body. Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting, not fluid balance. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells, not fluid balance. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not directly involved in fluid balance.
To prevent symptoms of fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss, what is the daily recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates?
- A. 130 g.
- B. 230 g.
- C. 330 g.
- D. 430 g.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 130 g. The recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates to prevent fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss is 130 grams per day. Consuming an adequate amount of carbohydrates provides the body with energy and helps prevent symptoms associated with insufficient carbohydrate intake. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest higher amounts of carbohydrate intake, which may not necessarily align with the recommended daily minimum intake for preventing symptoms of fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss.
How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?
- A. Vitamin K.
- B. Plant sterols.
- C. Trans fats.
- D. Phospholipids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.