Nokea
Most individuals who have mitral valve prolapse never have any symptoms, although this is not the case for every patient. What symptoms might a patient have with mitral valve prolapse?
- A. Anxiety
- B. Fatigue
- C. Shoulder pain
- D. Tachypnea
- E. Palpitations
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Most people who have mitral valve prolapse never have symptoms. A few have symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, dizziness, syncope, palpitations, chest pain, and anxiety. Hyperpnea and shoulder pain are not characteristic symptoms of mitral valve prolapse.
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A community health nurse is presenting an educational event and is addressing several health problems, including rheumatic heart disease. What should the nurse describe as the most effective way to prevent rheumatic heart disease?
- A. Recognizing and promptly treating streptococcal infections
- B. Prophylactic use of calcium channel blockers in high-risk populations
- C. Adhering closely to the recommended child immunization schedule
- D. Smoking cessation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Group A streptococcus can cause rheumatic heart fever, resulting in rheumatic endocarditis. Being aware of signs and symptoms of streptococcal infections, identifying them quickly, and treating them promptly, are the best preventative techniques for rheumatic endocarditis. Smoking cessation, immunizations, and calcium channel blockers will not prevent rheumatic heart disease.
An older adult patient has been diagnosed with aortic regurgitation. What change in blood flow should the nurse expect to see on this patients echocardiogram?
- A. Blood to flow back from the aorta to the left ventricle
- B. Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle
- C. Blood to flow back from the left atrium to the left ventricle
- D. Obstruction of blood from the left atrium to left ventricle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aortic regurgitation occurs when the aortic valve does not completely close, and blood flows back to the left ventricle from the aorta during diastole. Aortic regurgitation does not cause obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle, blood to flow back from the left atrium to the left ventricle, or obstruction of blood from the left atrium to left ventricle.
The nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a patient with pericarditis. What finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?
- A. Wheezes
- B. Friction rub
- C. Fine crackles
- D. Coarse crackles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pericardial friction rub is diagnostic of pericarditis. Crackles are associated with pulmonary edema and fluid accumulation, whereas wheezes signal airway constriction; neither of these occurs with pericarditis.
A patient has been living with dilated cardiomyopathy for several years but has experienced worsening symptoms despite aggressive medical management. The nurse should anticipate what potential treatment?
- A. Heart transplantation
- B. Balloon valvuloplasty
- C. Cardiac catheterization
- D. Stent placement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When heart failure progresses and medical treatment is no longer effective, surgical intervention, including heart transplantation, is considered. Valvuloplasty, stent placement, and cardiac catheterization will not address the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy.
The patient has just returned to the floor after balloon valvuloplasty of the aortic valve and the nurse is planning appropriate assessments. The nurse should know that complications following this procedure include what?
- A. Emboli
- B. Mitral valve damage
- C. Ventricular dysrhythmia
- D. Atrial-septal defect
- E. Plaque formation
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Possible complications include aortic regurgitation, emboli, ventricular perforation, rupture of the aortic valve annulus, ventricular dysrhythmia, mitral valve damage, and bleeding from the catheter insertion sites. Atrial-septal defect and plaque formation are not complications of a balloon valvuloplasty.