Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Related

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Mr. Ramos consulted at the health center for follow up after one month of Isoniazid and Rifampicin. Which diagnostic test will have an abnormal result if the client is taking these medications?

  • A. gallbladder studies
  • B. thyroid function tests
  • C. liver function tests
  • D. blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The client is taking Isoniazid and Rifampicin, which are two common first-line medications prescribed for the treatment of tuberculosis. Both of these drugs can potentially cause liver toxicity as a side effect. Therefore, the diagnostic test that is most likely to have an abnormal result if the client is taking these medications is the liver function tests. These tests include parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin levels, which can indicate liver damage or dysfunction. Monitoring liver function is essential during treatment with these medications to detect any hepatic adverse effects early and make appropriate management decisions.

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Which of the ff is the most important factor in the nursing management of clients who undergo treatment for a malignant tumor ff the urinary diversion procedure?

  • A. Placement of IV and central venous pressure lines
  • B. Administrating cleansing enemas
  • C. Observing for leakage of urine or stool from the anastomosis
  • D. Assessing the clients ability to manage self catheterization
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a client undergoes treatment for a malignant tumor requiring a urinary diversion procedure, such as a urostomy, it is crucial for nurses to closely monitor for any signs of leakage of urine or stool from the anastomosis site. This is important because it can indicate complications such as infection, poor wound healing, or a breakdown in the surgical site. Detecting and addressing leakage promptly can help prevent further complications and ensure the client's recovery progresses smoothly. While the other options may be important aspects of nursing care, observing for leakage of urine or stool from the anastomosis is the most critical factor in managing clients undergoing treatment for a malignant tumor affecting the urinary system.

By the age of 7 months, the infant is able to do all the following EXCEPT

  • A. transfer object from hand to hand
  • B. actively bounces
  • C. uses radial palm grasp
  • D. roll over
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rolling over is usually achieved earlier, by 4-6 months, while other skills are typical for 7 months.

When should the nurse expect breastfeeding-associated jaundice to first appear in a normal newborn?

  • A. 0 to 12 hours
  • B. 12 to 24 hours
  • C. 2 to 4 days
  • D. 4 to 5 days
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Breastfeeding-associated jaundice typically first appears in a normal newborn between 2 to 4 days after birth. This type of jaundice is usually mild and is caused by insufficient milk intake, leading to decreased bilirubin elimination. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor the baby's weight and ensure adequate feeding to prevent or address breastfeeding-associated jaundice.

The activation of B cells in humoral immunity is assisted by which of the following?

  • A. Cytotoxic T cells
  • B. Suppressor T cells
  • C. Helper T cells
  • D. Neutrophils
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In humoral immunity, the activation of B cells is facilitated by helper T cells. Helper T cells play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response by interacting with B cells. They secrete cytokines that stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Without the assistance of helper T cells, the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies would be impaired. Cytotoxic T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, supressor T cells regulate immune response, and neutrophils are involved in phagocytosis and innate immunity, but they do not directly assist in B cell activation in humoral immunity.

A client with group AB blood whose husband has group O has just given birth. The major sign of ABO blood incompatibility in the neonate is which complication or test result?

  • A. Negative Coombs test
  • B. Bleeding from the nose and ear
  • C. Jaundice after the first 24 hours of life
  • D. Jaundice within the first 24 hours of life
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A neonate born to a mother with blood type AB and a father with blood type O is at risk for ABO blood incompatibility, particularly if the neonate is blood type A or B. The major sign of ABO blood incompatibility in the neonate is the development of jaundice within the first 24 hours of life. This occurs due to the mismatch in blood types between the mother and the neonate, leading to the destruction of the neonate's red blood cells. This destruction releases bilirubin, causing jaundice. It is important to note that unlike Rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility usually does not lead to severe complications requiring treatment. A positive Coombs test result is not typically seen in ABO blood incompatibility.

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