ATI Pediatrics Test Bank

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Mrs. Go is suspected of experiencing respiratory distress from a left-sided pneumothorax. She should be positioned:

  • A. in a semi-fowler's position
  • B. trendelenburg position
  • C. prone position
  • D. on the right side
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mrs. Go, who is suspected of experiencing respiratory distress from a left-sided pneumothorax, should be positioned in a semi-fowler's position. This position involves elevating the head of the bed to approximately 30 to 45 degrees. Placing the patient in a semi-fowler's position helps improve lung expansion, facilitates breathing, and promotes optimal oxygenation. It can also help prevent the collapse of the affected lung and assist in reducing the symptoms associated with pneumothorax. Trendelenburg position (B) and prone position (C) are not recommended for pneumothorax as they can worsen the condition by putting additional pressure on the affected lung. Placing the patient on the right side (D) would not specifically address the respiratory distress caused by a left-sided pneumothorax. Therefore, the most appropriate position for Mrs. Go in this situation is the semi-fowler's position.

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A client requires minor surgery for removal of a basal cell tumor. The anesthesiologist administers the anesthetic ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar), 60g IV. After Ketamine administration, the nurse should monitor the client for:

  • A. Muscle rigidity and spasms
  • B. Hiccups
  • C. Extrapyramidal reactions
  • D. Respiratory depression
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar) is a dissociative anesthetic that can cause muscle rigidity and spasms as a side effect. This is known as a dose-dependent reaction to ketamine administration. Monitoring for muscle rigidity and spasms is important to ensure the client's safety and to provide appropriate management if this adverse effect occurs. It is essential for the nurse to closely observe the client for any signs of muscle rigidity and spasms after the administration of ketamine.

Fred is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

  • A. Mild cough
  • B. Slight fever
  • C. Chest pain
  • D. Bulging fontanel
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pneumococcal pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as chest pain due to inflammation of the lung tissue. In children, chest pain may be a common symptom alongside other signs like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Since Fred has been diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia, Nurse Nica would expect to assess him for chest pain as part of the typical presentation of this condition in children.

Mr Santos is scheduled for CT SCAN for the next day, noon time. Which of the following is the correct preparation as instructed by the nurse?

  • A. Shampoo hair thoroughly to remove oil and dirt
  • B. No special preparation is needed. Instruct the patient to keep his head still and stead
  • C. Give a cleansing enema and give fluids until 8 AM
  • D. Shave scalp and securely attach electrodes to it
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct preparation for a CT scan, in this case, does not involve any special instructions such as shampooing hair, giving an enema, or shaving the scalp. The patient is simply instructed to keep their head still and steady during the scan. CT scans do not require any specific preparation unless explicitly stated by the healthcare provider conducting the test. It is important to follow the nurse's or healthcare provider's instructions carefully to ensure the best results from the CT scan.

A postpartum nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a newborn infant with hyperbilirubinemia who is being breastfed. The nurse provides which most appropriate instructions to the mother?

  • A. Switch to bottle feeding the baby for 2 weeks
  • B. Stop the breast feedings and switch to bottle-feeding permanently
  • C. Feed the newborn infant less frequently
  • D. Continue to breastfeed every 2-4 hours.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate instruction for a mother of a newborn infant with hyperbilirubinemia who is being breastfed is to continue to breastfeed every 2-4 hours. Breastfeeding should be initiated within 2 hours after birth and continued every 2-4 hours thereafter. Breast milk helps to promote the passage of meconium (the dark green stools of the newborn) and reduce the risk of hyperbilirubinemia. It is important to continue breastfeeding to establish and maintain a good milk supply, promote bonding between mother and baby, and provide important nutrients to the newborn. Switching to bottle feeding or feeding the newborn infant less frequently is not recommended in this case.

The school nurse is conducting a class for school-age children on Lyme disease. Which is characteristic of Lyme disease?

  • A. Difficult to prevent
  • B. Treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3
  • C. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite
  • D. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi, which enters the skin through the bite of an infected deer tick. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, commonly known as deer ticks. These ticks carry the bacterium in their gut and can transmit it to humans when they feed on blood. Therefore, Lyme disease is characterized by being caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite. Option C is the correct answer in this case, as options A, B, and D do not accurately describe the characteristics of Lyme disease.

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