Nokea
Mrs. Harden is being prepared for discharge and anticipates outpatient radiation therapy for cancer of the cervix. Which information should be included in her discharge teaching plan?
- A. Maintaining intake and output records
- B. Applying ointment to irradiated areas
- C. Reporting redness, desquamation, and telangiectasis to her radiologist
- D. Maintaining a vigorous exercise program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reporting skin changes to the radiologist ensures timely management of radiation side effects.
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The scrotum:
- A. is located above the external male genital organ;
- B. shelters the male gonad;
- C. is made up of concentric tunics, a continuation of the ones from the anterior abdominal wall;
- D. is part of the external genital organs;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: shelters the male gonad. The scrotum houses and protects the testes, the male gonads responsible for sperm production. This is crucial for maintaining optimal temperature for spermatogenesis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the scrotum is located below the external male genital organ, has separate tunics from the abdominal wall, and is considered part of the external genital organs.
A nurse goes to a high school to teach students about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Which of the following is the best answer for providing information on the prevention of STIs?
- A. Have monogamous sex with an infected partner.
- B. Abstain from sexual activities.
- C. Wash any areas where there has been indirect contact with semen or vaginal mucus.
- D. Avoid protected sex until you and sexual partners have completed treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STIs.
The secondary oocyte completes its second meiotic division
- A. just after fertilization
- B. just after ovulation
- C. just before fertilization
- D. just before ovulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: just after fertilization. After fertilization, the secondary oocyte completes its second meiotic division, forming a mature ovum and a polar body. This process occurs to ensure the correct chromosome number in the resulting zygote. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the completion of the second meiotic division occurs specifically after fertilization, not before or just after ovulation or fertilization.
A professional athlete in her mid-20s has not had a menstrual cycle for 5 years, although a bone density scan revealed normal skeletal mineralization. Which of the following facts elicited during the taking of her medical history may explain these observations?
- A. She consumes a high-carbohydrate diet
- B. Her grandmother suffered a hip fracture at age 79
- C. Her blood pressure is greater than normal
- D. Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low. The absence of menstrual cycles in a young athlete with normal bone density suggests hypothalamic dysfunction affecting the menstrual cycle. This can result from low estrogen levels, which are essential for the regulation of menstrual cycles. Low estrogen levels can be caused by intense physical activity, leading to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Choice A is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate diet alone is unlikely to cause amenorrhea. Choice B is irrelevant to the absence of menstrual cycles and normal bone density in the athlete. Choice C, elevated blood pressure, is also unrelated to the situation described.
Once sperm are produced by the testes they move into and mature in the
- A. seminiferous tubes
- B. penis
- C. vas deferens
- D. epididymis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: epididymis. After being produced in the testes, sperm move into the epididymis for maturation. The epididymis provides the optimal environment for sperm storage and maturation, allowing them to gain motility and fertilization capability. The seminiferous tubes (A) are where sperm are produced, not matured. The penis (B) is the external organ for ejaculation, not maturation. The vas deferens (C) is the tube that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, not the site of sperm maturation.