Nokea
Nearly all cervical carcinomas contain human papillomavirus (HPV). Which of the following types is never associated with such malignancy?
- A. type6
- B. type 16
- C. type 18
- D. type 31
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HPV type 6 is typically associated with low-grade lesions and genital warts, not cervical carcinoma.
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Fentanyl is used as analgesia during operative and postoperative procedures. Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with fentanyl use?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Acidosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fentanyl typically causes hypotension, nausea, and vomiting, but it does not cause acidosis.
A parent asks the nurse "when will my infant start to teethe?" The nurse responds that the earliest age at which an infant begins teething with eruption of lower central incisors is _____ months.
- A. 4
- B. 6
- C. 8
- D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The earliest age at which an infant typically begins teething with the eruption of their lower central incisors is around 6 months old. Teething typically starts around this age, but it can vary from one infant to another. It is important to note that while 6 months is a common age for teething to begin, some infants may start teething a little earlier or later. It's essential for parents to monitor their baby's development and seek guidance from healthcare professionals if needed.
The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?
- A. "You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant's formula."
- B. "You should feed your baby every 2 hours."
- C. "You may need to increase the amount of formula your infant eats with each feeding."
- D. "You should place a nasal oxygen cannula on your infant during and after each feeding."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In infants with heart failure, they may have increased metabolic demands due to their condition. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the caloric density of the infant's formula to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake. This can help support the infant's growth and provide the necessary energy for their increased metabolic needs. Increasing the amount of formula or feeding too frequently (every 2 hours) may not be necessary and could lead to other issues like overfeeding. Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding (Option D) is not typically related to feeding practices for an infant with heart failure.
Spina bifida is one of the possible neural tube defects that can occur during early embryological development. Which of the following definitions most accurately describes meningocele? A.Complete exposure of spinal cord and meninges
- A. Herniation of spinal cord and meninges into a sac
- B. Sac formation containing meninges and spinal fluid
- C. B and C
- D. Spinal cord tumor containing nerve roots
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningocele is a type of neural tube defect in which there is herniation of the meninges (protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) through a defect in the spinal column. This results in the formation of a sac-like protrusion that contains the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid but does not involve the spinal cord itself. In meningocele, the spinal cord remains in its normal position within the spinal canal. This condition is typically associated with spina bifida, a neural tube defect that occurs during early embryological development. Unlike myelomeningocele, which involves both the spinal cord and meninges protruding through the spinal column, meningocele specifically refers to the presence of a sac containing the meninges and spinal fluid without direct involvement of the spinal cord.
While planning for proportionate distribution of restricted fluid volumes, what is the reason for a nurse to ensure that the client is actively involved during the development of the plan?
- A. It promotes the clients compliance with therapy
- B. It minimizes the chances of adverse effects
- C. It promotes a strict food and fluid intake habit
- D. It raises the self esteem of the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is essential for a nurse to ensure that the client is actively involved in the development of the plan for proportionate distribution of restricted fluid volumes because it promotes the client's compliance with therapy. When the client participates in creating the plan, they are more likely to understand the importance of following it and be motivated to adhere to the recommended fluid restrictions. This active involvement fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility, leading to better treatment outcomes and improved overall health.