Nokea
Neural networks can be categorized by the main neurotransmitter involved - for example, the dopamine network, the norepinephrine network, etc. Which of the following statements below describing these networks is false?
- A. Parkinson's disease is associated with a loss of the dopamine network
- B. cholinesterase inhibitors can increase acetylcholine levels and treat Alzheimer's symptoms
- C. inhibition of the dopamine network is associated with various drug addictions
- D. some stimulants work through activation of the norepinephrine network
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because inhibition of the dopamine network is not associated with drug addictions; rather, it is often linked to reward, pleasure, and reinforcement in addiction. Parkinson's disease is associated with a loss of the dopamine network (A), cholinesterase inhibitors increase acetylcholine levels to treat Alzheimer's symptoms (B), and some stimulants work through the activation of the norepinephrine network (D).
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Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates?
- A. lipase
- B. amylase
- C. pepsin
- D. trypsin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: amylase. Amylase is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into smaller sugar molecules in the digestive system. It is produced in the saliva and pancreas. Lipase (A) digests fats, pepsin (C) digests proteins, and trypsin (D) also digests proteins, not carbohydrates. Therefore, amylase is the correct enzyme for carbohydrate digestion.
Which of the following measures will ensure tube patency and decrease the risk of bacterial infection as well as crusting or blockage of the tube?
- A. Administering 10 to 40 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
- B. Administering 15 to 30 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
- C. Administering 30 to 40 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
- D. Administering 5 to 10 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flushing the tube with 15 to 30 ml of water before and after feedings helps maintain patency and reduces the risk of blockages.
A client who is scheduled for a barium swallow asks the nurse why a laxative is necessary following the procedure. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. The laxative will prevent the absorption of magnesium.'
- B. The laxative helps eliminate the barium.'
- C. The laxative is the protocol at this facility.'
- D. The laxative makes the barium turn brown.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The laxative helps eliminate the barium. After a barium swallow, the client needs to expel the barium from their system to prevent barium toxicity. The laxative helps to move the barium through the digestive system and facilitate its elimination. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because preventing magnesium absorption, facility protocol, and changing the color of barium are not reasons for the necessity of a laxative after a barium swallow.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain. What may be a possible source of the pain?
- A. Liver
- B. Pancreas
- C. Appendix
- D. Gallbladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas is located in the left upper quadrant and inflammation or other issues here can cause LUQ pain.
When caring for a patient with autoimmune hepatitis, the nurse understands that what in this patient is different from the patient who has viral hepatitis?
- A. Does not manifest hepatomegaly or jaundice
- B. Experiences less liver inflammation and damage
- C. Is treated with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents
- D. Is usually an older adult who has used a wide variety of prescription and over-the-counter drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autoimmune hepatitis is treated with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs to reduce liver inflammation and prevent progression of liver damage.