Nokea
Neuroblastoma can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. All the following features are paraneoplastic EXCEPT
- A. uncontrollable jerking movements
- B. cerebellar ataxia and increased body coordination
- C. unilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis
- D. profound secretory diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased body coordination is not a typical feature of neuroblastoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
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Chemotherapy has a major role in many childhood CNS tumors. In which of the following tumors is chemotherapy not effective?
- A. pilocytic astrocytoma
- B. craniopharyngioma
- C. pineoblastoma
- D. supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNETs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pilocytic astrocytomas are generally low-grade and less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other listed tumors.
After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, an increased incidence has been noted of which of the following pediatric disorders? (Select all that apply.)
- A. SIDS
- B. Torticollis
- C. Failure to thrive
- D. Apnea of infancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, which encouraged placing infants on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), an increased incidence has been noted of Torticollis (B) and Plagiocephaly (E).
At which stage of development are children apt to believe in the reversibility of death?
- A. Toddler.
- B. Preschool age.
- C. School age.
- D. Adolescent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschool-aged children commonly believe in the reversibility of death due to their cognitive development stage, where magical thinking is prevalent.
Which of the following symptoms most likely indicates that an infusion is infiltrated?
- A. Redness at the site
- B. Pain at the site
- C. Puffiness at the site
- D. Exudate at the site
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Puffiness at the site is the symptom that most likely indicates that an infusion is infiltrated. Infiltration occurs when the IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissues instead of entering the vein. This can lead to swelling and puffiness at the site as the fluid accumulates in the tissue. Redness, pain, and exudate at the site are also common signs of infiltration, but puffiness specifically points towards the fluid accumulating outside the vein. If infiltration is suspected, it is important to stop the infusion, remove the IV catheter, and apply appropriate treatment based on the severity of the infiltration.
You have the results of PCR tests for Mycoplasma pneumoniae; the number of positive tests is 83 collected from a 100 truly-infected persons. The sensitivity of this test is
- A. 17%
- B. 55%
- C. 60%
- D. 83%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensitivity = (True positives / Truly infected) * 100 = (83 / 100) * 100 = 83%.