Nokea
Neuroblastoma can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. All the following features are paraneoplastic EXCEPT
- A. uncontrollable jerking movements
- B. cerebellar ataxia and increased body coordination
- C. unilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis
- D. profound secretory diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased body coordination is not a typical feature of neuroblastoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
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A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. Which is an appropriate nursing goal related to this?
- A. Prevent infection
- B. Stimulate appetite
- C. Detect evidence of edema
- D. Ensure compliance with prophylactic antibiotic therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the presence of edema due to loss of protein in the urine. One of the nursing goals in managing a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome receiving high doses of prednisone is to monitor for the development or worsening of edema. Detecting evidence of edema is important as it can help in assessing the effectiveness of treatment, such as monitoring the response to prednisone therapy and adjusting the treatment plan accordingly. Monitoring for edema can also help in preventing complications associated with fluid overload, such as hypertension and respiratory distress. Therefore, detecting evidence of edema is an appropriate nursing goal in this scenario.
Constellation of aniridia and hemihypertrophy is strongly associated with increased risk of which of the following tumors?
- A. rhabdomyosarcoma
- B. hepatoblastoma
- C. Wilms tumor
- D. medulloblastoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aniridia and hemihypertrophy are features of WAGR syndrome, which increases the risk of Wilms tumor.
A 5-year-old girl is having a checkup before starting kindergarten. The nurse asks her to do the "finger-to-nose" test. What is the nurse testing for?
- A. Deep tendon reflexes
- B. Cerebellar function
- C. Sensory discrimination
- D. Ability to follow directions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is testing the girl's cerebellar function by asking her to do the "finger-to-nose" test. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that plays a crucial role in coordinating movement, balance, and posture. In the finger-to-nose test, the child is asked to touch her own nose and then the nurse's finger repeatedly. A properly functioning cerebellum helps control and coordinate these precise movements. If there are issues with the cerebellar function, the child might have difficulty performing this task accurately, indicating a potential problem with motor coordination and balance.
Nurse Melanie is teaching an adult class about the different types of hepatitis. Which statement does not pertain to hepatitis A?
- A. "Is caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family."
- B. "It spreads primarily by fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of infcetd food or liquids."
- C. "It may not be spread from sexual contact."
- D. "Type A hepatitis occurs worldwide, especially in areas with overcrowding and poor sanitation."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statement A is incorrect because hepatitis A is not caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family. Instead, hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, hepatitis A can be transmitted through close personal contact and sexual contact. While hepatitis A occurs worldwide, it is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding.
Burns are commonly seen in child abuse. Approximately 10% of children hospitalized with burns are victims of abuse. Of the following, inflicted burn can be MOST commonly the result of
- A. contact with hot iron
- B. contact with radiators
- C. cigarette application
- D. scalding injuries
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scalding injuries, often caused by hot liquids, are the most common type of inflicted burns in child abuse due to their accessibility and ease of use.