Nokea
Neurodegenerative diseases include the following:
- A. Niemann-Pick disease
- B. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
- C. Leigh's encephalopathy
- D. Canavan disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Niemann-Pick disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. The other options (b-e) are also neurodegenerative diseases.
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Management of thalassaemia includes:
- A. Whole blood transfusions
- B. Pneumovax
- C. Bone marrow transplant
- D. Penicillin V prophylaxis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because bone marrow transplant is a curative treatment for thalassaemia. The other options (a, b, d, e) are supportive treatments but not curative.
Neural crest derivatives include:
- A. Adrenal cortical cells
- B. Melanocytes
- C. Langerhans cells
- D. Gastric epithelial cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest and are responsible for pigment production in the skin.
Four-hour old term baby with no prenatal care has features of Trisomy 21. ECG shows left axis deviation
What are the FOUR mechanisms for LV outflow tract obstruction in AVSD?
- A. Gooseneck
- B. Subaortic fibromuscular ridge
- C. Septal hypertrophy
- D. Abnormal LAVV chordal attachments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The subaortic fibromuscular ridge is a common cause of LV outflow tract obstruction in AVSD, affecting the smooth flow of blood.
In infantile eczema:
- A. The rash is characteristically present at birth
- B. The papules are itchy
- C. Cold weather relieves the symptoms
- D. A family history of related disorders is elicited in 70% of cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile eczema is itchy and often associated with a family history of atopy. The rash is not present at birth, and cold weather can exacerbate symptoms.
An overweight, young adult made who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted for a hernia repair. He tells the nurse that he is feeling very weak and jittery. Which actions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Check his fingerstick glucose level
- B. Assess his skin temperature and moisture
- C. Measure his pulse and blood pressure
- D. Document anxiety on the surgical checklist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These actions help assess for hypoglycemia, a common issue in diabetic patients, and ensure appropriate intervention.