Nokea
Nurse Adalynn discusses the possibilities of future postpartum hemorrhage with the patients. Which of the following increases the absorption of vitamin K?
- A. Proteins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Minerals
- D. Fats
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fats are essential for the absorption of vitamin K in the body. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning it is better absorbed in the presence of dietary fats. In the case of postpartum hemorrhage, adequate levels of vitamin K are crucial for proper blood clotting. Thus, incorporating fats in the diet can help ensure sufficient absorption of vitamin K, which can be beneficial in preventing complications related to hemorrhage.
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While preparing the operating room (OR) for a surgical procedure, the nurse notices that the surgical instrument tray is incomplete. What should the nurse do?
- A. Proceed with the procedure using the available instruments
- B. Document the missing instruments in the surgical count log
- C. Inform the sterile processing department and request additional instruments
- D. Borrow the missing instruments from another OR Professionalism and Fundamentals of Nursing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is crucial to have a complete set of surgical instruments for any surgical procedure to ensure patient safety and the success of the surgery. If the nurse notices that the surgical instrument tray is incomplete, the best course of action is to inform the sterile processing department immediately. By doing so, the missing instruments can be promptly provided, ensuring that the surgical team has all the necessary tools for the procedure. Proceeding with the procedure using incomplete instruments can compromise patient safety and the quality of care provided. Documenting the missing instruments in the surgical count log is important for record-keeping purposes but should not delay the immediate action of requesting additional instruments. Borrowing instruments from another OR is not recommended as it can create confusion, potential cross-contamination, and disrupt the workflow of another surgical team.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response?
- A. NK cells directly kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
- B. NK cells produce antibodies against pathogens.
- C. NK cells present antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immunity.
- D. NK cells release cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the innate immune response by identifying and eliminating virus-infected cells, as well as tumor cells, without the need for prior exposure or activation. NK cells are able to detect abnormal cells by recognizing changes in the cell surface molecules, such as downregulation of MHC class I molecules. Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme, leading to the destruction of the target cell. This direct killing mechanism is crucial for controlling viral infections and preventing the development of tumors. NK cells do not produce antibodies (option B), present antigens to T cells (option C), or release cytokines to recruit other immune cells (option D) as their primary function in the immune response.
A nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric (NG) tube feeding for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize before initiating tube feeding?
- A. Verifying the NG tube placement by auscultating for bowel sounds
- B. Securing the NG tube to prevent dislodgement during feeding
- C. Checking the patency of the NG tube by aspirating gastric contents
- D. Elevating the head of the bed to a semi-Fowler's position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize checking the patency of the NG tube by aspirating gastric contents before initiating tube feeding. This is important to ensure that the NG tube is in the correct position and that it is functioning properly. By aspirating gastric contents, the nurse can confirm that the tube is in the stomach and not in the lungs or surrounding tissues. If no gastric contents are obtained upon aspiration, it may indicate that the tube is not properly placed or may be occluded, which would require further assessment and intervention before proceeding with tube feeding. Checking the patency of the NG tube is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of enteral nutrition delivery.
In providing health teaching to the famil, Nurse Emma would include in her teachings the etioology of Scabies which is __________.
- A. virus
- B. bacteria
- C. fungi
- D. Parasite
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scabies is caused by an infestation of the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasitic mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays eggs and causes intense itching and skin irritation. The transmission of scabies usually occurs through close and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. Unlike viruses, bacteria, and fungi, which are microorganisms that can also cause skin infections, scabies specifically refers to an infestation by a parasitic mite.
A postpartum client presents with sudden, severe chest pain and dyspnea. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position
- B. Administering supplemental oxygen therapy
- C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
- D. Encouraging the client to perform deep breathing exercises
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden, severe chest pain and dyspnea in a postpartum client could be indicative of a potential serious condition, such as a pulmonary embolism or postpartum cardiomyopathy, which require immediate medical attention. Therefore, the most appropriate nursing action would be to notify the healthcare provider immediately for further evaluation and management. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position may provide some comfort but does not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Administering supplemental oxygen therapy may be necessary once the healthcare provider assesses the client. Encouraging deep breathing exercises may not be appropriate if the client is experiencing severe chest pain and dyspnea, as it could worsen the situation.