Nokea
Nurse Alice is providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a child, age 4. the nurse should:
- A. Compress the sternum with both hands at a depth of 1½ to 2†(4 to 5 cm)
- B. Deliver 12 breaths/minute
- C. Perform only two-person CPR
- D. Use the heel of one hand for sternal compressions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a 4-year-old, the heel of one hand is appropriate for sternal compressions to achieve the correct depth and avoid injury.
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All the following are signs of coarctation of the aorta EXCEPT
- A. femoral pulses are weak or absent
- B. bounding pulses of the arms
- C. blood pressure in the legs is lower than that in the arms
- D. precordial impulse and heart sounds are usually normal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In coarctation of the aorta, femoral pulses are delayed or absent, not bounding.
Arrhythmia in Children
- A. Re entry Tachycardia is the commonest
- B. Adenosine decreases the force of cardiac contractility
- C. SVT can cause hydrops foetalis
- D. Valsalva maneuver can restore sinus rhythm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Re-entry tachycardia is the most common type of arrhythmia in children.
Phenytoin is used for treatment of
- A. supraventricular tachycardia
- B. digitalis intoxication
- C. atrial fibrillation
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin is used specifically for digitalis-induced arrhythmias.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is associated with:
- A. Sickle cell trait
- B. Nephrotic syndrome
- C. Cushing's syndrome
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is associated with avascular necrosis due to steroid use. Sickle cell trait, nephrotic syndrome, and hypothyroidism are not directly linked.
Which among the following is an anatomical scoring system?
- A. STS Score.
- B. Euroscore II
- C. SYNTAX Score
- D. GRACE Score
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SYNTAX Score is an anatomical scoring system used to assess coronary artery disease.