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Nurse Katriz is planning a client education program for sickle cell disease (SCD); what topics should be included in the plan of care?
- A. Aerobic exercise to improve oxygenation
- B. Fluid restraint to 1 qt (1 L)/day
- C. A high-iron, high-protein diet
- D. Proper hand washing and infectionavoidance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: People with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at a higher risk of infections due to their impaired immune system. Infections can trigger a sickle cell crisis, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, proper hand washing and infection avoidance are crucial components of the care plan for clients with SCD. This topic should be included in Nurse Katriz's client education program to help reduce the risk of infections and promote better health outcomes for individuals with SCD.
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Discharge care planning has begun for a seriously injured patient who is Asian. The patient's parents have refused routine home health visits. The pediatric nurse understands the family may:
- A. believe that health outcomes are predetermined.
- B. feel health is a personal responsibility and maintenance of family reputation is paramount.
- C. regard health as a family responsibility, seeking outside aid only when resources are exhausted.
- D. none of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In some cultures, families may prefer to handle health matters internally, viewing outside assistance as a last resort.
In neuroblastoma, metastatic spread can occur via local invasion or distant hematogenous/lymphatic routes. The LEAST common site of metastases in neuroblastoma is
- A. long bone
- B. bone marrow
- C. lung
- D. skin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Skin metastases are rare in neuroblastoma compared to bone, bone marrow, and lung involvement.
How should the nurse prepare a suspension before administration?
- A. By diluting it with normal saline solution
- B. By diluting it with 5% dextrose solution
- C. By shaking it so that all the drug particles are dispersed uniformly
- D. By crushing remaining particles with a mortar and pestle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct way to prepare a suspension before administration is by shaking it so that all the drug particles are dispersed uniformly. Suspending agent particles settle over time, creating a layer of liquid at the top and a layer of solid at the bottom. By shaking the suspension, the nurse ensures that the drug particles are fully mixed and distributed evenly throughout the liquid. This step is crucial to ensure that the patient receives the correct dosage of the medication with each administration. Diluting the suspension with normal saline or dextrose solutions or crushing remaining particles with a mortar and pestle are not recommended methods for preparing a suspension before administration.
A mother brings her children into the clinic and they are diagnosed with chickenpox. The mother had chickenpox as a child and is not concerned with contracting the disease when caring for her children. what type of immunity does this mother have?
- A. Active natural immunity
- B. Passive artificial immunity
- C. Passive natural immunity
- D. Active artificial immunity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mother in this scenario had chickenpox as a child, which means she was exposed to the virus and developed immunity through her own immune response. This type of immunity acquired as a result of natural exposure to an infectious agent is called active natural immunity. In this case, the mother's immune system "learned" how to recognize and fight off the chickenpox virus when she was previously infected, leading to the development of memory cells that provide long-lasting protection against future infections.
A client asks nurse Carlos the rationale for giving multi-drug treatment for tuberculosis. Which is an appropriate response?
- A. multiple drugs allow reduced levels of drugs to be given
- B. multiple drugs reduce undesirable drug side-effect
- C. multiple drugs potentiate the action fo the drugs
- D. multiple drugs reduce development of resistant strains of the bacteria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giving multiple drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis is essential because it helps reduce the development of resistant strains of the bacteria. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has the potential to develop resistance to single drug therapy through genetic mutations. The use of multiple drugs in combination therapy prevents the bacteria from developing resistance since they work through different mechanisms of action, making it harder for the bacteria to adapt and survive. This approach is known as Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS), and it is an effective strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to combat the rising issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis.