Nokea
Nurse Mauve is now on ethical dilemma. This occurs when _______.
- A. a decision had to be made quickly under stress full situation
- B. choices are unclear
- C. there is a conflict between the nurse 's decision and that of his/her superior
- D. there is a conflict of two or more ethical principles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an ethical dilemma arises when there is a conflict between two or more ethical principles, leading to a difficult decision-making situation for Nurse Mauve. This involves weighing the benefits and consequences of each ethical principle to determine the best course of action. Choice A is incorrect as time pressure does not define an ethical dilemma. Choice B is incorrect because ethical dilemmas involve conflicting choices, not unclear ones. Choice C is incorrect as the conflict in an ethical dilemma is not necessarily with a superior but can be internal or with other stakeholders.
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To begin your discussion, you explain to her that the endocrine glands include, which of the following?
- A. Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreaticislets, and hypothalamus
- B. Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic islets, ovaries, and testes
- C. Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals and pancreatic islets
- D. Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreatic islets, ovaries and testes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it includes all the major endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreatic islets, and hypothalamus. The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" as it controls other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, while the parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels. The adrenal glands produce hormones involved in stress response. Pancreatic islets produce insulin and glucagon. The hypothalamus plays a key role in hormone regulation.
Choice B is incorrect because it includes ovaries and testes, which are not endocrine glands. Choice C is incorrect because it omits the hypothalamus. Choice D is incorrect because it includes ovaries and testes which are not endocrine glands.
A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, peripheral edema, and hypertension. Laboratory findings reveal elevated serum creatinine and urea levels, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
- A. Initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy
- B. Hemodialysis
- C. Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate
- D. Sodium bicarbonate administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate initial management for the patient described is hemodialysis. Hemodialysis is essential for managing chronic kidney disease with severe symptoms and electrolyte imbalances like hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. Hemodialysis helps to remove urea and creatinine from the blood, correct electrolyte abnormalities, and improve symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and peripheral edema. Initiation of ACE inhibitor therapy (Choice A) is contraindicated in severe kidney disease due to the risk of worsening renal function. Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate (Choice C) is used for acute hyperkalemia with cardiac toxicity, not for initial management. Sodium bicarbonate administration (Choice D) may help correct metabolic acidosis, but it does not address the underlying cause or the need for urgent renal replacement therapy.
A pregnant woman presents with fever, chills, and abdominal pain localized to the right upper quadrant. On examination, she has tenderness in the right upper abdomen and a positive Murphy's sign. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. Acute cholecystitis
- D. Ovarian torsion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The scenario described in the question is consistent with acute cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder usually caused by an impacted gallstone in the cystic duct. The key clinical features of acute cholecystitis include fever, chills, right upper quadrant abdominal pain (which can be localized to the right upper quadrant), tenderness in the right upper abdomen, and a positive Murphy's sign (pain and inspiratory arrest upon palpation of the right upper quadrant). This condition is more common in pregnant women due to hormonal changes that can lead to gallstone formation and subsequent inflammation of the gallbladder. Ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian torsion typically present with different clinical features compared to those described in acute cholecystitis.
To assist them enhance their performance at work, the nurse manager should review regularly pertaining to the staff's
- A. Number of submitted incident report
- B. Academic performance in college
- C. Job description
- D. Family dynamics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Job description is crucial for clarifying roles and responsibilities, ensuring staff understand their duties.
Step 2: Regular review of job descriptions helps align staff performance with organizational goals and expectations.
Step 3: It allows for identifying areas of improvement and providing necessary support and resources.
Step 4: Academic performance in college, family dynamics, and number of incident reports are not directly related to work performance.
Summary: Regularly reviewing staff job descriptions is essential for enhancing performance by clarifying roles, aligning expectations, and identifying areas for improvement. Other choices lack direct relevance to work performance.
Which of the following interventions is recommended for managing a patient with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
- A. Empiric antibiotic therapy directed against common pathogens.
- B. Surgical exploration and drainage of pelvic abscesses.
- C. Hormonal therapy to suppress ovarian function.
- D. Symptomatic treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Empiric antibiotic therapy directed against common pathogens. This is recommended for managing PID because it helps treat the infection and prevent complications. Antibiotics target the underlying bacterial infection causing PID. Surgical exploration (B) is not the initial treatment for PID. Hormonal therapy (C) is not indicated for PID management. Symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs (D) can help with pain but does not address the infection itself.