Nokea
Nurse Pat promised to a post- surgical patient, that she would come back to assist in his of ambulation after carrying out the physician's order. This follows the principle
- A. beneficence
- B. autonomy
- C. justice
- D. fidelity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fidelity is a principle in nursing ethics that pertains to being faithful or loyal to commitments and promises made to patients. When Nurse Pat promised to come back to assist in the patient's ambulation after carrying out the physician's order, she is demonstrating fidelity by fulfilling her commitment to the patient's care. This principle helps build trust between the nurse and the patient, ensuring continuity and quality of care.
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A patient with asthma experiences nocturnal cough, wheezing, and chest tightness several times per week. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for long-term control of asthma symptoms and prevention of exacerbations?
- A. Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)
- B. Albuterol (salbutamol)
- C. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
- D. Prednisone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair) is a combination medication consisting of an inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone) and a long-acting beta-agonist (salmeterol). This combination medication is recommended for long-term control of asthma symptoms and for the prevention of exacerbations. Fluticasone reduces airway inflammation, while salmeterol helps to relax the muscles of the airways, improving breathing. Using this combination medication regularly can help manage asthma symptoms and reduce the risk of asthma attacks. It is not appropriate to use short-acting beta-agonists like albuterol (salbutamol) on a long-term basis for asthma control. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that is more commonly used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD
When the patient turned 69 years old, Orinase was discontinued and NPH insulin is prescribed for her. After several months, she is determined to be suffering from sumogyi effect. Which of the following conditons will most likely result when the patient is receiving too much insulin?
- A. Developing an elevation of the blood glucose level
- B. Producing even more insulin
- C. Becoming resistant to insulin
- D. Conserving excessive amount of fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a patient is receiving too much insulin, the most likely result is hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. The excess insulin causes the blood glucose level to drop too low, leading to symptoms such as sweating, tremors, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures. The body responds to hypoglycemia by releasing counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, which work to increase the blood glucose level. This rebound effect, known as the Somogyi effect, can result in the patient experiencing high blood glucose levels after a period of insufficient glucose supply due to excessive insulin administration.
A patient presents with a painful, vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution on the left thorax. The patient reports a history of chickenpox during childhood. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex virus infection
- B. Herpes zoster (shingles)
- C. Varicella (chickenpox)
- D. Impetigo
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation of a painful, vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution on the left thorax, specifically in a patient with a history of chickenpox, is most suggestive of herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles. Herpes zoster is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve cells and can reactivate years later to cause shingles. The rash in herpes zoster typically progresses through different stages, including red patches leading to fluid-filled blisters. The characteristic rash typically appears unilaterally and is usually preceded by pain, burning, or tingling in the affected area. Unlike herpes simplex virus infection, which can cause similar lesions but is not typically localized to a specific dermatome, herpes zoster presents as a distinct unilateral cluster of vesicles along
In one of your meetings, you reminded the health center staff that there are quite a number of members in the community who have not reached primary school. Which of the following is the BEST communication intervention for a client who is illiterate?
- A. Use of symbols and images
- B. Personalize speech by using first name
- C. Use touch with speech
- D. Speak loudly and clearly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Illiterate clients may have difficulty understanding spoken or written information. Using symbols and images can help convey important messages and instructions in a visual way that can be easily understood without relying on literacy skills. This communication intervention is effective in ensuring that the client understands the information being provided, promoting better adherence to treatment plans and overall health outcomes.
Which of the following salivary glands is located superior and anterior to the ear and produces mainly serous saliva?
- A. Parotid gland
- B. Sublingual gland
- C. Submandibular gland
- D. Submaxillary gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parotid gland is the salivary gland that is located superior and anterior to the ear. It mainly produces serous saliva, which is a thin, watery fluid rich in enzymes. The other salivary glands mentioned are the sublingual gland, submandibular gland, and submaxillary gland, all of which have different locations and produce different types of saliva.