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Nurses can combat the nursing shortage by:
- A. joining unions, which influence employers to provide incentives such as pay raises and free child care, thus encouraging the large percentage of nonworking nurses to return to the workforce.
- B. demanding that the requirements of the qualifying examination for foreign nurses should be reduced, so they are eligible to sit for the licensure examination.
- C. working more hours with a higher nurse/patient ratio.
- D. advocating for funds to pay for nursing education and a safer work environment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because advocating for funds to pay for nursing education and a safer work environment addresses the root causes of the nursing shortage. By securing funding for education, more individuals can enter the nursing profession. Creating a safer work environment enhances nurse retention.
A is incorrect because while unions can negotiate for better benefits, it doesn't directly address the shortage by increasing the number of nurses.
B is incorrect because reducing the requirements for foreign nurses may compromise the quality of care and does not address the shortage of local nurses.
C is incorrect because working more hours with a higher nurse/patient ratio can lead to burnout and compromise patient safety, exacerbating the nursing shortage.
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A patient is admitted with pneumoniThe case manager refers to a plan of care that specifically identifies dates when supplemental oxygen should be discontinued, positive-pressure ventilation with bronchodilators should be changed to self-administered inhalers, and antibiotics should be changed from intravenous to oral treatment, on the basis of assessment findings. This plan of care is referred to as a:
- A. patient classification system.
- B. clinical pathway.
- C. patient-centered plan of care.
- D. diagnosis-related group (DRG).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: clinical pathway. A clinical pathway is a detailed plan of care that outlines specific interventions and treatments based on assessment findings to guide patient care in a structured manner. In this case, the plan includes specific dates for discontinuing supplemental oxygen, changing ventilation methods, and transitioning antibiotics.
A. Patient classification system: This refers to categorizing patients based on certain criteria for resource allocation and staffing levels, not specific care plans.
C. Patient-centered plan of care: While patient-centered care focuses on individual preferences and needs, it does not necessarily include the structured timeline and interventions outlined in a clinical pathway.
D. Diagnosis-related group (DRG): DRGs are used for billing and payment purposes based on specific diagnoses, not for detailed care plans like the one described in the question.
During height and weight assessments at a school's health fair, a child admits to drinking a cup of coffee with his mother every morning, and another child reports enjoying a morning cup of coffee on the commute to school. These two children are both below average on the height chart, and the nurse states, "Drinking coffee stunts a child's growth." This logical fallacy is referred to as:
- A. appeal to common practice.
- B. confusing cause and effect.
- C. ad hominem abusive.
- D. red herring.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: confusing cause and effect. The nurse's statement implies that drinking coffee causes the children to be below average in height, which is a logical fallacy. Height is determined by genetics, nutrition, and overall health factors, not by drinking coffee. The nurse is mistakenly attributing the children's height to their coffee consumption without considering other relevant factors. This error in reasoning is known as confusing cause and effect.
A: Appeal to common practice is when an argument is justified based on the fact that many people do it, which is not relevant to the coffee consumption issue.
C: Ad hominem abusive is attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself, which is not the case here.
D: Red herring is when irrelevant information is used to distract from the main issue, which is not the case in this scenario.
The nurse who admits making a medication error and immediately files an incident report is demonstrating:
- A. accountability.
- B. individuality.
- C. an injustice.
- D. values clarification.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: accountability. By admitting the error and filing an incident report, the nurse is taking responsibility for their actions, being transparent, and willing to face the consequences. This demonstrates professionalism and integrity. Choice B is incorrect because it does not address the nurse's responsibility. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the nurse's actions. Choice D is incorrect as values clarification is not demonstrated by admitting an error and reporting it.
A nurse is newly employed by a state-owned hospital that provides health care insurance requiring a deductible paid by the employee with the majority of the premium cost covered by the employer. The insurance provided to the nurse is:
- A. private health insurance.
- B. a federal insurances program known as PPACA.
- C. state-subsidized Medicaid insurance.
- D. single-payer system coverage.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: private health insurance. In this scenario, the nurse's insurance is provided by the state-owned hospital, meaning it is not a federal program like PPACA (B) or state-subsidized Medicaid (C). Additionally, it is not a single-payer system (D) since the employer is covering the majority of the premium cost, indicating a private insurance plan. Private health insurance typically involves a deductible paid by the employee, as mentioned in the question. Therefore, the nurse's insurance in this case aligns with the characteristics of private health insurance, making choice A the correct answer.
A nurse realizes that much time is wasted during shift report when coworkers discuss personal items such as recent movies or department store sales. Which statement would help with time management during this critical interaction?
- A. "Let's talk only about one movie you recently watched."
- B. "I like to know about department store sales, but we need to get through this report, so let's talk about sales as we walk between patient rooms."
- C. "I know your shift has been busy. What went wrong?"
- D. "I have the list of patients; let's start with revisions to the plan of care and scheduled activities for the next shift."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it directly addresses the issue of time management during shift report by focusing on the essential tasks that need to be discussed. By starting with revisions to the plan of care and scheduled activities for the next shift, the nurse ensures that the most critical information is covered efficiently. This approach helps prioritize the discussion and prevent unnecessary time spent on non-essential topics.
Option A is incorrect because limiting the discussion to just one movie does not address the overall time management issue during shift report. Option B is incorrect because discussing department store sales while walking between patient rooms may still lead to distractions and inefficiencies in the report.
Option C is incorrect as it focuses on what went wrong during the shift rather than addressing the need for efficient time management during the report. The correct answer, D, is the most effective choice as it directly tackles the issue of time wasted during shift report by emphasizing the essential tasks that need to be covered.