Nokea
Nurses often struggle with distinguishing between active euthanasia and palliative sedation. The assertion that some actions have both good and bad effects, the action itself ought to be good, good is intended, and there must be sufficient reasons to engage in the action is known as which of the following?
- A. Moral biomedical ethics
- B. The principle of nonmaleficence
- C. The principle of both and white
- D. The doctrine of double effect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The doctrine of double effect is a moral principle that is sometimes evoked to further distinguish between active euthanasia and palliative sedation. This doctrine asserts that an action may have both good and bad effects, the action itself must be good or neutral, the good effect must be intended, and there must be sufficiently grave reasons to permit the bad effect.
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Which of the following situations reflects active euthanasia?
- A. Withholding of intravenous or tube feedings
- B. Withholding of intravenous or tube feedings
- C. Administering an excessive dose of barbiturates
- D. Withholding lifesaving medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Euthanasia is the putting to death, by painless method, of a terminally ill or severely disabled person who has requested assistance in withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining procedure or passive euthanasia, such as the withholding of intravenous or tube feedings, or commission of an act (active euthanasia), such as intentional administration of an excessive dose of barbiturates.
Margaret is caring for an older resident who has requested medical assistance in dying (MAID) and is awaiting the decision of the health care team. Which of the following is required in Canada before MAID would be permitted? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Financial hardship
- B. Unbearable mental or physical suffering
- C. Unable to obtain home care
- D. Grievous and irredeemable medical condition
- E. Drug addiction
- F. Natural death is foreseeable
- G. Unable to obtain home health care services
Correct Answer: B,D,F
Rationale: A grievous and irremediable medical condition is considered one in which decline cannot be reversed, there is unbearable physical or mental suffering, and natural death is reasonably foreseeable.
Which of the following is a value outlined in the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Code of Ethics (2017)?
- A. Preserving dignity
- B. Promoting autonomy
- C. Maintaining anonymity
- D. Maintaining social equity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: One of the seven values outlined in the CNA Code of Ethics is preserving dignity.
Which of the following is one of the primary legal arguments in support of physician assistance with dying?
- A. It is against the law to allow patients to continue to suffer.
- B. It counteracts the moral principles of autonomy and self-determination.
- C. It interferes with the rights of persons under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
- D. It has a negative effect on the nurse-patient relationship.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Supreme Court held that laws preventing physician assistance with dying interfered with the rights of persons under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms because not having the liberty to freely make decisions as personal as whether or not to end intolerable suffering threatened their security.
Which following moral principle refers to doing no harm?
- A. Nonmaldefence
- B. Existantalism
- C. Paternalism
- D. Legal moralism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The moral principle of nonmaldefence refers to avoiding harm or doing no harm.