Nokea
Nursing advocacy directed towards eliminating the stigma attached to mental illness is based on the fact that:
- A. Stigmatization only serves to increase the stress felt by the mentally ill.
- B. No one is immune to mental illness or emotional problems.
- C. Mental illness is often chronic and incurable.
- D. The mentally ill deserve our support.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it highlights the universal susceptibility to mental illness, emphasizing the importance of advocacy to reduce stigma. Mental health issues can affect anyone regardless of age, gender, or background. By acknowledging this, nurses can advocate for increased understanding and support for those struggling with mental illness.
A: While stigmatization does increase stress, this does not directly explain the basis for nursing advocacy.
C: Mental illness being chronic does not explain the rationale behind advocating to eliminate stigma.
D: While the mentally ill deserve support, this choice does not address the underlying reason for advocacy focused on stigma reduction.
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The nurse is collecting data for a patient with suspected exposure to HIV. Which symptoms would be most concerning in this patient?
- A. Tremors, edema, coughing
- B. Fever, diarrhea, sore throat
- C. Urticaria, sneezing, pruritus
- D. Abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fever, diarrhea, and sore throat are common symptoms associated with acute HIV infection. Fever is often the first symptom, followed by other flu-like symptoms such as diarrhea and sore throat. These symptoms may indicate an acute retroviral syndrome, which occurs within 2-4 weeks of initial HIV infection. Tremors, edema, coughing (Choice A) are not typical symptoms of acute HIV infection. Urticaria, sneezing, pruritus (Choice C) are more indicative of allergic reactions or other non-HIV related conditions. Abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting (Choice D) are also not specific to HIV infection.
The nurse is assisting in a teaching plan for the family of a patient with HIV. Which explanation about the transmission of HIV should the nurse include in this plan?
- A. HIV is spread by casual contact with others.
- B. HIV spreads by contact with infected blood.
- C. HIV can be spread by sharing eating utensils.
- D. HIV is commonly transmitted by tears or saliva.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. HIV is mainly transmitted through contact with infected blood, such as sharing needles or blood transfusions.
2. Other modes, like casual contact, sharing utensils, tears, or saliva, do not contain enough virus to transmit HIV.
3. Understanding transmission modes helps prevent unnecessary fear and stigma.
4. By emphasizing the importance of avoiding contact with infected blood, the nurse empowers the family to protect themselves effectively.
Summary:
Choice B is correct as HIV is primarily spread through contact with infected blood. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not pose a significant risk of HIV transmission. It is crucial for the family to focus on accurate information to prevent unnecessary anxiety and take appropriate precautions.
Which statement describes the basis of an ethical dilemma?
- A. It's so difficult when the client doesn't agree with the treatment team.'
- B. The client insists on behaving in a manner that will likely cause him injury.'
- C. It's difficult to determine who makes decisions for an incompetent client without a medical surrogate.'
- D. There are only two treatment choices; both are very painful and neither has a high rate of success.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct:
1. An ethical dilemma involves a situation where there is a conflict between two morally acceptable choices.
2. In this scenario, the dilemma is presented as having only two treatment choices which are both painful and have low success rates.
3. The basis of an ethical dilemma is the difficulty in making a decision when faced with two undesirable options.
4. Therefore, option D accurately describes the essence of an ethical dilemma.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A. Focuses on client-team disagreement, not a true ethical dilemma.
B. Describes a situation of potential harm but not a conflict between two morally acceptable choices.
C. Discusses decision-making for an incompetent client, which is a different ethical issue than presented in the question.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. Which outcome should receive priority?
- A. Remain socially active.
- B. Report high self-esteem.
- C. Remain free of infection.
- D. Maintain baseline weight.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remain free of infection. This outcome should receive priority for a patient with AIDS to prevent further complications and deterioration of the immune system. Infection prevention is crucial in managing AIDS. A: Remaining socially active may be important but not the priority in this case. B: Reporting high self-esteem is beneficial but not directly related to the patient's health outcome. D: Maintaining baseline weight is important for overall health but not as critical as preventing infections in a patient with AIDS.
What is the most appropriate response when a patient's behavior or comments during an office visit trigger anger or negative emotions in the physician?
- A. Confront the patient immediately
- B. Recognize these emotions and maintain control
- C. Ignore the comments and send in a resident to see the patient
- D. End the visit and schedule a follow-up with another physician
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Self-awareness and control preserve professionalism and care quality.