Nokea
Nursing identifies its domain in a paradigm that includes:
- A. The person, health, environment/situation and nursing
- B. Concepts, theory, health and environment
- C. Health, person, environment and theory
- D. Nurses, physicians, models and client needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nursing's paradigm comprises person (client), health (well-being goal), environment/situation (context), and nursing (practice) a metaparadigm unifying theories like Nightingale's or Watson's. This defines nursing's scope, focusing on client care holistically. Concepts, theory, health, and environment are abstract, not a complete paradigm missing 'person' and 'nursing.' Health, person, environment, and theory swap 'nursing' for 'theory,' confusing framework with product. Nurses, physicians, models, and needs mix roles and tools, not core concepts. The person, health, environment, and nursing quartet encapsulates nursing's domain, guiding practice and research comprehensively.
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When John has been given paracetamol, his fever was brought down dramatically from 40 degrees Celsius to 36.7 degrees in a matter of 10 minutes. The nurse would assess this event as:
- A. The goal of reducing john's fever has been met with full satisfaction of the outcome criteria
- B. The desired goal has been partially met
- C. The goal is not completely met
- D. The goal has been met but not with the desired outcome criteria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paracetamol dropping fever from 40°C to 36.7°C in 10 minutes fully meets the goal of fever reduction e.g., normal range (36.6-38°C) achieved. Partial or unmet goals imply residual fever; undesired criteria suggest side effects (none here). Nurses document this success, per outcome evaluation standards.
The nurse is caring for a client following a right total hip replacement. Which action by the nurse will help prevent dislocation of the prosthesis?
- A. Keeping the client's knees together at all times
- B. Placing the client in a supine position with the legs extended
- C. Placing a pillow between the client's legs when turning
- D. Encouraging the client to use the trapeze to pull himself up in bed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placing a pillow between the legs during turning maintains abduction, preventing hip prosthesis dislocation post-right total hip replacement knees together adducts, supine extension risks posterior dislocation, and trapeze use is safe but unrelated. Nurses enforce this, ensuring joint stability, key for orthopedic recovery.
All of the following can cause tachycardia except:
- A. Fever
- B. Exercise
- C. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
- D. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation slows heart rate; others increase it.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about care transition?
- A. Moving between care settings
- B. Involves communication
- C. Only occurs in hospitals
- D. May affect outcomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Care transition moves between settings (A), involves communication (B), affects outcomes (D) 'only in hospitals' (C) isn't true, includes home, per process. C's limit fails, making it untrue.
Which nursing actions will increase efficient management of client care and decrease the ramifications of the nursing shortage?
- A. Pursuing postlicensure education
- B. Becoming cross-trained in another area of the hospital
- C. Taking early retirement
- D. Implementing evidenced-based clinical pathways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Addressing the nursing shortage and improving client care efficiency requires strategic actions that bolster the workforce and optimize practice. Pursuing postlicensure education enhances nurses' skills and adaptability, enabling them to handle diverse patient needs effectively, thus reducing strain from shortages. Becoming cross-trained in other hospital areas increases flexibility, allowing nurses to cover gaps and maintain care continuity across units. Implementing evidence-based clinical pathways standardizes care with proven methods, streamlining processes and minimizing errors, which is crucial when staffing is limited. Coordinating services before discharge ensures smoother transitions, reducing readmissions and workload. Taking early retirement, however, exacerbates the shortage by reducing experienced staff, counteracting efficiency goals. These proactive measures collectively strengthen care delivery, mitigate shortage impacts, and support a resilient healthcare system.